Researchers from a diverse array of scientific disciplines have focused and continue to focus on opportunities and areas for responsible clinical research involving the possible beneficial health effects of "probiotics." Investigators and researchers should be aware that not all clinical research involving probiotics reasonably falls within the requirements of the "investigational new drug" (IN...

Food manufacturers and policy makers have been tailoring food product ingredient information to consumers' self-reported preference for natural products and concerns over food additives. Yet, the influence of this ingredient information on consumers remains inconclusive. The current study aimed at examining the first step in such influence, which is consumers' attention to ingredient informatio...

This in vitro study evaluated the antibacterial effect of copper additives in silicone implants. Specimens of a standard silicone material used in breast augmentation and modified copper-loaded silicone specimens were prepared and incubated in a Staphylococcus epidermidis suspension (2 h, 37 degrees C). After the quantification of adhering staphylococci using a biofluorescence assay (Resazurin)...

Characterization of the effects of aircraft deicer and anti-icer fluid (ADAF) runoff on aquatic organisms in receiving streams is a complex issue because the identities of numerous toxic additives are proprietary and not publicly available. Most potentially toxic and endocrine disrupting effects caused by ADAF are due to the numerous additive package ingredients which vary among manufacturers a...

INTRODUCTION There is concern regarding the fretting wear of rolling bearings used in various types of machines, especially those that oscillate minutely. Because fretting wear results in the deterioration of the acoustic properties of bearings, rise in the bearing torque, and flaking originating from wear scar, fretting wear has a negative impact on the performance of rolling bearings. Maruyam...

Elastomers are one of the most important materials in modern society because of the inherent viscoelastic properties due to their cross-linked polymer chains. Their vibration-absorbing and adhesive properties are especially useful and thus utilized in various applications, for example, tires in automobiles and bicycles, seismic dampers in buildings, and seals in a space shuttle. Thus, the nonde...

The sulfhydryl enzyme malate synthase was inactivated by X-irradiation in air-saturated aqueous solution, in the absence or presence of a variety of additives (thiols, antioxienzymes, typical radical scavengers, inorganic salts, buffer components, substrates, products, analogues). Radiation-induced changes of enzymic activity were registered immediately after stop of irradiation and in the post...

The activation of chiral titanium(IV) complexes with additives, phenolic N-oxides, is found to provide an alternative strategy for asymmetric cyanosilylation of ketones in excellent yield with up to 82% ee. 2004 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. Recent years, there are a number of important observations made in regarding the effect of additives on asymmetric catalytic reactions. The addition o...

BACKGROUND Antibodies have a wide application in diagnosis and treatment. In order to maintain optimal stability of various functional parts of antibodies such as antigen binding sites, several approaches have been suggested. Using additives such as polysaccharides and polyols is one of the main methods in protecting antibodies against aggregation or degradation in the formulation. The aim of t...

Introduction A food additive is any substance not commonly regarded or used as food, which is added to, or used in or on, food at any stage to affect its keeping quality, texture, consistency, taste, colour, alkalinity or acidity, or to serve any other technological function in relation to food, and includes processing aids in so far as they are added to or used in or on food. Food additives in...