Introduction . Due to the discovery of antibodies (Ab) targeting molecule with high specificity ligand, "magic bullet" concept has been successfully implemented various immunoconjugated drugs. Since 1980, Ab conjugates liposomes, i.e., immunoliposomes (ILs), have widely investigated improve and efficacy drug therapy. This review is devoted characteristic basic structural units ILs on basis data...

Thermally active polymers, can respond structurally to temperature changes, making them interesting as potential drug delivery vehicles. Polymers of N-(3-aminopropyl) methacrylamide hydrochloride (APMA) are cationic with primary amine groups in their structure, which have been explored biomedical applications via post-polymerisation modifications. In this work, we synthesised amphiphilic APMA m...

H. Khalili, S. Brocchini, P. Khaw University College London Purpose We have recently shown that Fab-PEG-Fab (FpF) molecules are antibody (MAb) mimetics [1]. Site-specific conjugation of the Fab in the region where it is naturally bound to the hinge in a MAb to each terminus of a linear PEG molecule yields the FpF. Since the PEG in FpFs appears to allow good avidity of the Fabs, and better stabi...

Quantum dots (QDs) are useful imaging tools in the medical and biological fields due to their optical properties, such as a high fluorescence intensity, remarkable resistance to photobleaching, broad absorption spectra, and narrow emission spectra. This is the first study to investigate the uptake of carboxylated QDs conjugated with D-glucosamine (core size: approximately 3 nm, final modified s...

Straightforward and effective methods are required for the bioconjugation of proteins to surfaces and particles. Previously we demonstrated that the fusion of a single domain antibody with the biotin binding molecule rhizavidin provided a facile method to coat biotin-modified surfaces with a highly active and oriented antibody. Here, we constructed similar single domain antibody-rhizavidin fusi...

Lysostaphin is a 27-kDa endopeptidase that enzymatically disrupts the cell wall of Staphylococcus aureus and is a promising candidate for treating S. aureus blood-borne infections. It would be extremely useful to define conditions that would both increase lysostaphin's in vivo half-life to allow for more effective tissue distribution and reduce its immunogenicity. Conjugation of polyethylene gl...

Nucleic acid ligands (aptamers) are potentially well suited for the therapeutic targeting of drug encapsulated controlled release polymer particles in a cell- or tissue-specific manner. We synthesized a bioconjugate composed of controlled release polymer nanoparticles and aptamers and examined its efficacy for targeted delivery to prostate cancer cells. Specifically, we synthesized poly(lactic ...

Foot-and-mouth disease (FMD), caused by FMD virus (FMDV), is a highly contagious viral disease affecting cloven-hoofed animals. Camelids have a unique immunoglobulin profile, with the smallest functional heavy-chain antibodies (sdAb or VHH) naturally devoid of light chains with antigen-binding capacity. We screened and characterized five sdAbs against FMDV by immunized library from C. bactrianu...

We show that 4-dimensional conjugation manifolds are all obtained from branched 2-fold coverings of knotted surfaces in Z2-homology 4-spheres.