Chemical penetration enhancers (CPEs) are important in transdermal drug delivery (TDDD) formulations because they assist drugs moving across the stratum corneum. Hydrocortisone (0.1% hydrocortisone, propylene glycol), oestradiol (0.045 mg estradiol/0.015 levonorgestrel, and testosterone (2% testosterone, glycol) some examples of marketing TDDD formulations. As route for administration becomes a...

formulation by using chemical penetration enhancers and to study the effect of pulsed current on permeation through guinea pig, Wistar rat and human cadaver skin. Modified Franz diffusion cell was used to study the in vitro permeation across various types of skin by iontophoresis. The thermo-reversible gel was prepared and optimized by cold method using poloxamer 407 as a gelling agent. Thermo-...

Transdermal delivery of topically applied compounds is limited by the stratum corneum (SC) protective barrier. Penetration enhancers have been employed to perturb the skin barrier and enhance the transdermal flux of drugs. The novel excipient, dodecyl-2-N, N-dimethylaminopropionate hydrochloride (DDAIP-HCl), was evaluated for penetration activity of minoxidil in human cadaver skin. Minoxidil sk...

In this work, we examined enhanced skin delivery of minoxidil applied in nanoemulsions incorporating skin penetration enhancers. Aliquots of fully characterized oil-in-water nanoemulsions (1 mL), containing minoxidil (2%) and the skin penetration enhancer oleic acid or eucalyptol as oil phases, were applied to full-thickness excised human skin in Franz diffusion cells, while aqueous solutions (...

Addition of skin penetration enhancer in the formulation is the simplest and most common technique to improve transdermal permeation. However chemical penetration enhancers are known to cause skin irritation. In this research project we are proposing natural penetration enhancer (olive oil) based nano-emulsion. The aim of the present study was to investigate the olive oil based nano-emusion for...