BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES Leishmaniasis is a protozoan parasitic disease which is transmitted by the female Phlebotomus sand fly and is prevalent in four continents.The first-choice treatment for the leishmaniasis is pentavalent antimonials, which are potentially toxic and often ineffective and use of them exhibit therapeutic failure. These pharmaceutical problems point towards the need to deve...

BACKGROUND Kenya introduced a pentavalent vaccine including the DTP, Haemophilus influenzae type b and hepatitis b virus antigens in Nov 2001 and strengthened immunization services. We estimated immunization coverage before and after introduction, timeliness of vaccination and risk factors for failure to immunize in Kilifi district, Kenya. METHODS In Nov 2002 we performed WHO cluster-sample s...

BACKGROUND Pentavalent antimonials are still the first choice treatment for leishmaniasis, but with low efficacy and resistance is emerging. In the present study, the effect of meglumine antimoniate (MA, Glucantime) combined with paromomycin, miltefosine or allopurinol on in vitro susceptibility of Leishmania tropica resistant isolate was evaluated. METHOD The drugs were obtained from commerc...

Leishmaniasis, caused by protozoan parasites of the Leishmania genus, is one of the most prevalent neglected tropical diseases. It is endemic in 98 countries, causing considerable morbidity and mortality. Pentavalent antimonials are the first line of treatment for leishmaniasis except in India. In resistant cases, miltefosine, amphotericin B and pentamidine are used. These treatments are unsati...

Corresponding Authors: Tanmoy Bera Department of Pharmaceutical Technology, Jadavpur University, Kolkata700032, India. E-mail: [email protected], Phone: +91 9831470041, Tele Fax: +91 3324146677. Abstract: Backgrounds and objectives: Leishmania donovani is one of the most common species responsible for visceral leishmaniasis (VL) in India, Bangladesh and Sudan. The pentavalent antimonials...

This study reviews a series of cutaneous leishmaniasis cases diagnosed and treated in outpatient units in the municipality of Rio de Janeiro, where the intermittent schedule of antimonial therapy was replaced by the continuous regimen. Both schedules were based on daily intramuscular injections of pentavalent antimonial. Forty-nine subjects received the intermittent regimen, consisting of three...

Sharon Rose Aragão Macedo , Larissa Deadame de Figueiredo Nicolete , Amália dos Santos Ferreira , Neuza Biguinati de Barros , Roberto Nicolete ⁎ a Laboratório de Biotecnologia Aplicada à Saúde, Fundação Oswaldo Cruz (Fiocruz Rondônia), BR-364, Km 3,5, 76812-245 Porto Velho, RO, Brazil b Programa de Pós-Graduação em Biologia Experimental (PGBioexp), Universidade Federal de Rondônia, BR-364, Km 9...

UNLABELLED Leishmania donovani is an intracellular protozoan parasite that causes leishmaniasis, which can range from a self-healing cutaneous disease to a fatal visceral disease depending on the infecting species. Miltefosine is currently the latest and only oral antileishmanial that came out of drug discovery pipelines in the past few decades, but recent reports indicate a significant decline...

BACKGROUND Leishmaniasis is a neglected endemic disease with a broad spectrum of clinical manifestations. Pentavalent antimonials have been the treatment of choice for the past 70 years and, due to the emergence of resistant cases, the efficacy of these drugs has come under scrutiny. Second-line drugs are less efficacious, cause a range of side effects and can be costly. The formulation of new ...

BACKGROUND Leishmaniasis is a parasitic disease associated with extensive mortality and morbidity. The treatment for leishmaniasis is currently based on pentavalent antimonials and amphotericin B; however, these drugs result in numerous adverse side effects. Natural compounds have been used as novel treatments for parasitic diseases. In this paper, we evaluated the effect of (-)-epigallocatechi...