BACKGROUND Melanoma patients vaccinated with tumor-associated antigens frequently develop measurable peptide-specific CD8+ T cell responses; however, such responses often do not confer clinical benefit. Understanding why vaccine-elicited responses are beneficial in some patients but not in others will be important to improve targeted cancer immunotherapies. METHODS AND FINDINGS We analyzed pe...

BACKGROUND Cell mediated immunity, including efficient CTL response, is required to prevent HIV-1 from cell-to-cell transmission. In previous investigations, we have shown that B1 peptide derived by Fourier transformation of HIV-1 primary structures and sharing no sequence homology with the parent proteins was able to generate antiserum which recognizes envelope and Tat proteins. Here we have i...

Using proteome databases and exploiting the concept that a rare sequence is a potential epitope, epitopic sequences derived from Porphyromonas gingivalis fimA type I protein were examined for pentapeptide sequence similarity score to the human proteome. We obtained data showing that most of the linear bacterial determinants are (or are formed by) peptide fragment(s) absent (or rarely found) in ...

The passive application of Trastuzumab and Pertuzumab has demonstrated remarkable success in the clinical outcome patients with Her-2/neu positive metastatic breast cancer. However, active immunization mimotope/B cell epitope-based vaccines can induce production corresponding mAbs by patient’s immune system. We have developed a B peptide-based vaccine (HerVaxx) comprising Trastuzumab’s binding ...

Peptide based vaccines play an important role in activating the immune response. The small peptides derived from target proteins (epitopes) of an invading pathogen, bacteria, or virus bind with the MHC molecules are recognized by CD4+ T cells or CD8+ T cells. MHC class I molecules are recognized by CD4+ T cells and MHC class – II molecules are recognized by CD8+ T cells. It is very time consumi...

Recall urticaria (RU) is a localized urticarial response that occurs at a site of previous antigen injection on reexposure to that antigen at a remote site.1 The response is rare and typically associated with allergy immune therapies. The mechanism for RU is poorly understood, but possibilities include increased accumulation and degranulation of mast cells at the site of previous allergy inject...

These are exciting times in the development of new immunotherapeutic strategies for cancer therapy. In particular, synthetic peptide-based vaccines, aiming at the induction of T-cell mediated anti-tumor immunity, hold immense promise for prevention and therapy of malignant diseases. Synthetic peptides are easily produced, are chemically stable, easily deliverable, free of infectious contaminant...

Immunotherapy has increased overall survival of metastatic cancer patients, and cancer antigens are promising vaccine targets. To fulfill the promise, appropriate tailoring of the vaccine formulations to mount in vivo cytotoxic T cell (CTL) responses toward co-delivered cancer antigens is essential. Previous development of therapeutic cancer vaccines has largely been based on studies in mice, a...

background and aims: ndv (newcastle disease virus) is one of the viruses that cause disease in avian with severe economic losses in the poultry industry in many countries. fusion protein (f) which plays a major role in the virus pathogenicity contains several regions that have a role in the fusion process. mutation in the sequence of hr1 & hr2 regions of this protein prevents fusion of the viru...

Peptide-based vaccines, in which small peptides derived from target proteins (eptiopes) are used to provoke an immune reaction, have attracted considerable attention recently as a potential means both of treating infectious diseases and promoting the destruction of cancerous cells by a patient's own immune system. With the availability of large sequence databases and computers fast enough for r...