The absence of significant detectable signatures organic molecules in the atmosphere and on surface Mars is a major unsolved puzzle. One possible explanation that perchlorate-rich Martian soils, activated by solar ultraviolet (UV) radiation, create an environment favorable for rapid oxidation organics such as alkanes (including methane or CH4). In this paper, we measured product formation rates...

Perchlorate is a widespread contaminant in the United States.1 Research has demonstrated its presence in various media, including water, soil, various foods, and also human biological fluids, such as urine and breast milk.2-6 Perchlorate causes an adverse health effect by competitively inhibiting iodide uptake by the thyroid gland because it exhibits a much higher selectivity factor than iodide...

Strain GR-1 is one of several recently isolated bacterial species that are able to respire by using chlorate or perchlorate as the terminal electron acceptor. The organism performs a complete reduction of chlorate or perchlorate to chloride and oxygen, with the intermediate formation of chlorite. This study describes the purification and characterization of the key enzyme of the reductive pathw...

Because of health concerns surrounding widespread exposure to perchlorate, we developed a sensitive and selective method for quantifying perchlorate in human urine using ion chromatography coupled with electrospray ionization tandem mass spectrometry. Perchlorate was quantified using a stable isotope-labeled internal standard ((18)O(4)-perchlorate) with excellent assay precision (coefficient of...

A highly sensitive analytical method is required for the assessment of nanomolar perchlorate contamination in drinking water as an emerging environmental problem. We developed the novel approach based on a voltammetric ion-selective electrode to enable the electrochemical detection of "redox-inactive" perchlorate at a nanomolar level without its electrolysis. The perchlorate-selective electrode...

Activated carbon was tailored with both iron and quaternary ammonium surfactants so as to concurrently remove both arsenate and perchlorate from groundwater. The iron (hydr)oxide preferentially removed the arsenate oxyanion but not perchlorate; while the quaternary ammonium preferentially removed the perchlorate oxyanion, but not the arsenate. The co-sorption of two anionic oxyanions via distin...

For the first time, scientists have compared a woman’s daily intake of iodine and perchlorate with the concentrations of each in her breast milk. They found that a small proportion (about 20%) of iodine enters the breast milk compared with a higher proportion (more than 50%) of perchlorate. Although not definitive, experts say the study, published in ES&T (DOI 10.1021/es801549w), provides furth...

Since the discovery of perchlorate salts on Mars and the known occurrence of ferric salts in the regolith, there is a distinct possibility that the title compound could form on the surface of Mars. [Fe(H2O)6](ClO4)3·3H2O was crystallized from aqueous solutions at low temperatures according to the solid-liquid phase diagram. It consists of Fe(H2O)6 octa-hedra (point group symmetry -3.) and perch...

Heteroarylation via C-H functionalization has been synthetically challenging, but such transformations represent an atom-economical and highly convergent route toward complex molecules. Reported herein is a photoredox-catalyzed coupling between 2-trifluoroborato-4-chromanones and various heteroarenes through a Minisci pathway. Mesitylacridinium perchlorate, an organic photocatalyst, proved to b...

Background: Blood gas analysis (BGA), including measurement of ionized calcium, is performed routinely in patients with end stage renal disease on renal replacement therapy, especially when using citrate for regional anticoagulation. After installation of a new blood gas analyzer (RAPIDpoint 405; BGA), we observed lower ionized calcium concentrations in a few patients without signs of hypocalce...