Interactions and relationships involving goal attributes and goal types were examined to supplement previous studies of goal types alone. In previous studies, goal attributes such as positive-based incentive values had been found to be higher for intrinsic goals, mastery goals, and more difficult goals. Intrinsic goals and mastery goals were more positive-based than were extrinsic and performan...

Although the research literature has established that Conscientiousness predicts task performance across a variety of achievement contexts (e.g., ; ), comparatively less is known about the processes that underlie these relations. To the latter end, the current research examines effortful strategies and achievement goals as mediating factors that might explain why people with higher levels of Co...

What is the relation between competition and performance? The present research addresses this important multidisciplinary question by conducting a meta-analysis of existing empirical work and by proposing a new conceptual model--the opposing processes model of competition and performance. This model was tested by conducting an additional meta-analysis and 3 new empirical studies. The first meta...

Goals and Performance Antti J. Hätinen Seminar on User Interfaces and Performance Department of Computer Science University of Helsinki 18.2.2004, 15 pages To build the optimum combination of both social and technical systems in an organisation one must use the goals of the whole organisation as the starting point. We can design the social system by goals (Management by Objectives by Drucker) a...

Previous research has revealed that feelings of anger are typically accompanied by the goal to approach the emotion-evoking stimulus and feelings of fear by the goal to avoid the emotionevoking stimulus. We set up an experiment to investigate the boundary conditions of this set of relations. We hypothesized that anger is related to approach and fear to avoidance when approach serves the goal to...

The present paper reports two studies designed to test the Dualistic Model of Passion with regard to performance attainment in two fields of expertise. Results from both studies supported the Passion Model. Harmonious passion was shown to be a positive source of activity investment in that it directly predicted deliberate practice (Study 1) and positively predicted mastery goals which in turn p...

Goals fall into two broad types--approach and avoidance. Research on infants' early goal understanding has focused only on approach goals, usually assuming that infants will encode an ambiguous display where an actor picks one object over another as the actor wanting to approach the former rather than avoid the latter. We investigated infants' understanding of approach and avoidance separately ...

The new portfolio optimization engine, OptFolioTM, simultaneously addresses financial return goals, catastrophic loss avoidance, and performance probability. The innovations embedded in OptFolio enable users to confidently design effective plans for achieving financial goals, employing accurate analysis based on real data. Traditional analysis and prediction methods are based on mean variance a...

BACKGROUND In response to a resurgence of interest in and demonstrated utility of the approach-avoidance goal distinction, a number of researchers (Elliot & Church, 1997; Midgley et al., 1998; Skaalvik, 1997) have developed instruments to assess individual differences in the tendency to adopt approach-avoidance goals. However, to date there has been no attempt to examine the psychometric proper...