Arbitration has been criticized as displacing cases from the public courts and thereby reducing production of court precedent (the “displacement hypothesis”). Moreover, while arbitral awards might substitute for precedent, standard view is that arbitrators have little incentive to issue produce legal rules because such mostly benefit parties future disputes “positive externalities This Article ...

the ultimate goal of monetary policy is to achieve price stability and high output. in this regard, central banks usually change the interest rate, liquidity, and money base in order to apply monetary policies. the john b. taylor rule is one of the rules known in the transmission of monetary policy.[1] based on this rule and given the output gap and inflation gap, the central bank increases or ...

Introduction. Iranian talented university students who take term averages below 17 for at least twice can’t use facilities of educational legislation for gifted and talented students in universities. This study deals with validity of this rule. Methods. Renzullis three ring conception of giftedness was selected as gifted definition. Obtaining grade point averages equal or more than 15 was rega...

e-mail: [email protected] The Rotterdam Rules set forth, on the lines of the HagueVisby Rules, a number of excepted perils when the carrier will not be liable for the damage to cargo. The institute of excepted perils was established by the Hague Rules almost 90 years ago, and is still implemented in practice. For such cases exceptionally the carrier is not liable under the principle of assumed gu...

In this article, a Multi-Objective Memetic Algorithm (MA) for rule learning is proposed. Prediction accuracy and interpretation are two measures that conflict with each other. In this approach, we consider accuracy and interpretation of rules sets. Additionally, individual classifiers face other problems such as huge sizes, high dimensionality and imbalance classes’ distribution data sets. This...