The adherence of the overlying tissues to the underlying structures in the face is maintained by the retaining ligaments. True retaining ligaments named orbital, zygomatic and mandibular ligaments are a series of fibrous bands that run from periosteum to the dermis. The tethering effect of true retaining ligaments must be released for achieving a satisfactory movement of facial skin and Superfi...

Wrist ligaments are crucial structures for the maintenance of carpal stability. They are classified into extrinsic ligaments, connecting the carpus with the forearm bones or distal radioulnar ligaments, and intrinsic ligaments, entirely situated within the carpus. Lesions of intrinsic and extrinsic ligaments of the wrist have been demonstrated to occur largely, mostly in patients with history o...

background many factors effect on management (surgical and nonsurgical) of adolescent idiopathic scoliosis (ais). objectives the purpose of this study was evaluation of the effects of generalized ligamentous laxity (gll) on surgical treatment of ais. materials and methods 72 patients with ais were studied between 2002 and 2009. 24 cases (33.4%) were placed in group a (normal) while 48 patients ...

Attachment loss (AL), the distance down a tooth′s root that is no longer attached to surrounding bone by periodontal ligament, is a common measure of periodontal disease. In this paper, we develop a spatiotemporal model to monitor progression of AL. Our model is an extension of the conditionally autoregressive (CAR) prior, which spatially smooths estimates towards their neighbors. However, sinc...

It is astonishing how quickly the field of genetics has progressed in the past 50 years since the structure of the DNA molecule was first reported. Another major discovery that may revolutionize health care practices has been the derivation of human embryonic stem cells. These cells can be coaxed into developing specific tissues or organs to replace ones that have been lost to disease. The iden...

BACKGROUND We previously demonstrated that 25-hydroxyvitamin D(3), the precursor of 1α,25-dihydroxyvitamin D(3), is abundant around periodontal soft tissues. Here we investigate whether 25-hydroxyvitamin D(3) is converted to 1α,25-dihydroxyvitamin D(3) in periodontal soft tissue cells and explore the possibility of an autocrine/paracrine function of 1α,25-dihydroxyvitamin D(3) in periodontal so...

The discipline of Periodontology deals with the development, anatomy, structure, and function of the various soft and hard tissues of the periodontium in health and disease, i.e., gingiva, periodontal ligament, root cementum, and alveolar bone proper. It concerns diagnosis, prevention, and treatment of the various diseases and conditions affecting the periodontal tissues. There are close relati...

Susan Bissett is NIHR Clinical Research Fellow, Newcastle University; Andrew Pumerantz is Associate Professor of Internal Medicine and Infectious Disease, Western University of Health Sciences, Pomona, CA, USA; Philip Preshaw is Professor of Periodontology, Newcastle University. Periodontal diseases (gingivitis and periodontitis) are common inflammatory diseases of the supporting structures of ...