We conducted this study to determine the insecticide susceptibility of two malaria vectors, Anopheles dirus and Anopheles minimus from Kanchanaburi Province, Thailand. The mosquitoes were collected and reared under laboratory conditions. The test was carried out on unfed F-1 female mosquitoes using a standard WHO testing protocol. The LD50 and LD90 of deltamethrin in both species were tested fo...

The evolution of insecticide resistance in mosquitoes is threatening the effectiveness and sustainability of malaria control programs in various parts of the world. Through their unique mode of action, entomopathogenic fungi provide promising alternatives to chemical control. However, potential interactions between fungal infection and insecticide resistance, such as cross-resistance, have not ...

Permethrin, in the form of a topical cream, is being increasingly used for community-based programs to control endemic scabies. The development of resistance has reduced the use of pyrethroids for the control of many arthropods of economic and health importance. The best recognized form of pyrethroid resistance, known as knockdown resistance or kdr, has been linked to specific mutations in the ...

Synthetic pyrethroid insecticides have been widely used for years to prevent harmful effects of insects and control disease vectors. In this study, the resveratrol against potential toxicity permethrin, an effective derivative, on fetus were investigated. Accordingly, Wistar female rats divided into four groups as Control, Sham, Permethrin, Permethrin + Resveratrol. Lung, liver, kidney small in...

Pyrethroid resistance has been viewed as a very serious threat to the future of malaria vector control1. However, recently two contrasting outcomes have been reported where resistance has been reported in Anopheles malaria vectors. In West Africa a high frequency of the kdr gene in Anopheles gambiae has not prevented good results with pyrethroid treated bednets in laboratory simulations2, in ex...

The number of tick bites received by individuals wearing either permethrin-treated or untreated summer clothing (T-shirt, shorts, socks, and sneakers) was compared during a controlled indoor study. Pathogen-free nymphal Ixodes scapularis Say were placed on the left shoe, right leg, and left arm of 15 (5/treatment group/d) human volunteers wearing untreated outfits or outfits treated with permet...

A rapid and highly sensitive gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS) method for simultaneous determination of N,N-diethyl-m-toluamide (DEET) and permethrin with (2)H(10)-phenanthrene (98 atom %) as an internal standard and a separate external standard high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) method for pyridostigmine bromide (PB) determination in human plasma were developed and valida...

The pyrethroid insecticide permethrin was tested for its ability to induce sister chromatid exchanges (SCE), micronuclei (MN) and structural chromosome aberrations (CA) in cultured human peripheral blood lymphocytes. Permethrin was tested in the range of 5-500 micrograms/ml in the absence and in the presence of a rat liver activation system (S9 mix). Small elevations in the SCE frequencies were...

The present study confirms the presence of pyrethroid resistance among Anopheles gambiae s.l mosquitos in Côte d'Ivoire and reports the observation of such resistance in two other countries in West Africa (Benin and Burkina Faso). Malaria vector populations from Cameroon (Central Africa), Senegal (West Africa) and Botswana (southern Africa) were found to be susceptible to pyrethroids. In the mo...

Use of pyrethroid pesticides, which are highly toxic to aquatic organisms, has increased substantially over the past decade. In 2006, the pyrethroid pesticides cyfluthrin and permethrin were measured in Sacramento-San Joaquin (SSJ) Delta (CA, USA) water at 5 and 24 ng/L (pptr), respectively. To elucidate any interactions between the two pyrethroids, a 10-d laboratory exposure was performed with...