Globalization and mobile societies challenge large cities to provide not only basic services, such as water or housing, but also places where long-term residents (forced) migrants are able form bonds attribute meanings. The question of what types urban settings can foster place attachment through interaction has been poorly investigated. To address this research gap, a qualitative study was con...

BACKGROUND A clinical outcome tool is needed for the assessment of young athletes with low back pain. OBJECTIVES To translate and culturally adapt the Micheli functional scale (MFS), a self-report questionnaire developed to evaluate young athletes with low back pain (LBP) into Persian language and examine the reliability and validity of the Persian MFS (PMFS). MATERIALS AND METHODS A cross-...

This paper is an attempt to exclusively focus on investigating the pivot language technique in which a bridging language is utilized to increase the quality of the Persian–Spanish low-resource Statistical Machine Translation (SMT). In this case, English is used as the bridging language, and the Persian–English SMT is combined with the English–Spanish one, where the relatively large corpora of e...

In this paper, we describe a multilingual open-source computational grammar of Persian, developed in Grammatical Framework (GF) – A type-theoretical grammar formalism. We discuss in detail the structure of different syntactic (i.e. noun phrases, verb phrases, adjectival phrases, etc.) categories of Persian. First, we show how to structure and construct these categories individually. Then we des...

One of the important actions in the processing of languages is part-of-speech tagging. Against of this importance, although numerous models have been presented in different languages but there is few works have been done in Persian language. In this paper, a part-of-speech tagging system on Persian corpus by using hidden Markov model is proposed. Achieving to this goal, the main aspects of Pers...

The name Primula or primrose is derived from the word primary or first, referring to the early growth and flowering in spring (Liberty Hyde Bailey Hortorium, 1976). More than 400 species of primula exist in the family Primulaceae (Griffiths, 1994). Other important horticultural genera in this family, besides primula, include pimpernel (Anagallis), rock jasmine (Androsace), persian violet, alpin...

INTRODUCTION The Dysphagia Handicap Index (DHI) is one of the instruments used for measuring a dysphagic patient's self-assessment. In some ways, it reflects the patient's quality of life. Although it has been recognized and widely applied in English speaking populations, it has not been used in its present forms in Persian speaking countries. The purpose of this study was to adapt a Persian ve...

BACKGROUND Due to negligence, Persian (Iranian) traditional medicine has had a weak presence in the world of research for a long time. However, in recent years, a variety of activates by research and faculty centers have created awareness and a platform to introduce and promote Persian medicine to the world. The aim of this study is to present and analyze scientific achievements of Persian medi...