The petroleum compounds were photocatalytically remediated from water using graphene (G)titanium oxide (TiO2) nanocomposite material in visible light radiation. The G-TiO2 nanocomposite was synthesized using sol-gel technique, and its structural & morphological properties were studied using scanning electron microscopy (SEM), X-ray diffraction (XRD), transmission electron microscopy (TEM), part...

There have been several recent studies of the Japanese oil industry, but they have all focused on the impact of the abolition of the Tokusekiho, the Provisional Law relating to the Importation of Specified Petroleum Products, that restricted the importation of specified petroleum products to limited number of companies. The Tokusekiho, was abolished at the end of March 1996. However, despite th...

The use of petroleum based products is very widespread in our modern society. Automobiles are powered by gasoline, homes are heated with oil and industrial and manufacturing activities derive energy from various hydrocarbon fuels. The transport of petroleum products by sea, rail, tanker trucks and pipelines is common and unavoidable. Releases of petroleum hydrocarbons to the environment occur d...

Buried hydrocarbon deposits, such as liquid petroleum, represent an abundant source of reduced carbon for microbes. It is not surprising therefore that many organisms have adapted to an oily, anaerobic life deep underground, often at high temperatures and pressures, and that those organisms have had, and in some cases continue to have, an effect on the quality and recovery of the earth’s dimini...

In the Spill o Llibre de les dones, the 15th century writer and physician from Valencia, Jaume Roig, uses the motif of pilgrimage to attack earthly women, particularly women healers. Roig undermines the salutary function of medieval pilgrimage in order to expose worldly women in their effort to harm male pilgrims. Since men cannot rely on earthly women, they must seek a healing encounter with t...

The short-term effects of oil spills on marine species and communities are well known and predictable. However, concerns are often raised about possible longer-term ("sub-lethal") population effects through, for example, low levels of residual oil affecting the ability of certain species to breed successfully. In fact, extensive research and detailed post-spill studies have shown that many comp...

This study examines the random walk hypothesis for the crude oil markets, using daily data over the period 1982–2008. The weak-form efficient market hypothesis for two oil crude markets (UK Brent and US West Texas Intermediate) is tested with non-parametric variance ratio tests developed by Wright (2000) and Belaire-Franch and Contreras (2004) as well as the wild-bootstrap variance ratio tests ...

In this paper the relationships between crude oil and refined product prices are investigated in a multivariate framework. This allows us to test several (partly competing) assumptions of earlier studies. In particular, we find that the crude oil price is weakly exogenous and that the spread is constant in some but not all relationships. Moreover, the multivariate analysis shows that the link b...

The most usual type of petroleum mulch, which has been successfully used to combat desertification in large areain Iran for more than thirty years, is produced by heavy residue petroleum cuts. The petroleum mulch consists of awide range of different heavy hydrocarbons such as Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons (PAHs). PAHs are present atlow level in petroleum mulch, where there is contact with wa...