Migraine headaches afflict approximately 6% of men and 18% of women in the United States, and cost billions of dollars each year in lost productivity, absenteeism, and direct medical expenditures. Despite its prevalence and the availability of therapeutic options, many patients do not seek treatment, and among those who do, a significant portion are misdiagnosed. Correct diagnosis can be made b...

Aim: The present prospective clinical study was conducted to assess the long‑term spironolactone therapy and its effect with without dietary‑induced weight‑loss, on insulin levels, lipid profile, features in females PCOS (polycystic ovary syndrome). Methods: included 22 12 normal weight 10 obese within age of 17-32 years having symptoms including hyperandrogenism or biochemical evidence amenorr...

For the past 10 years, disease-modifying therapy (DMT) options for multiple sclerosis (MS) have grown remarkably where DMTs been shown to reduce risk of MS relapses. patients are advised begin treatment with a DMT shortly after diagnosis limit possibility disease progression over time. While radiologically isolated syndrome do not require pharmacologic treatment, high-risk clinically start DMTs...

The principle of independent drug action proposes that responses to combinations result from one or the other two combining agents, but not both. Explorations biological pathway interactions in signal transduction and immunobiology as synergy have been connected mathematical demonstrations above–independent activity, which would define pharmacologic synergy. We review explanation for cancer fin...

Gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD) is one of the most common problems in neonates. The main goals infantile GERD treatment are maintaining clinical recovery, sufficient growth, and preventing recurrence rate related problems. Acid-suppressive therapy including H2RAs PPIs basic pharmacologic for adult pediatric GERD. more effective than treatment. Neonatal remains a difficult entity to defin...