In addition to proteins, L-phenylalanine is a versatile precursor for thousands of plant metabolites. Production of phenylalanine-derived compounds is a complex multi-compartmental process using phenylalanine synthesized predominantly in plastids as precursor. The transporter(s) exporting phenylalanine from plastids, however, remains unknown. Here, a gene encoding a Petunia hybrida plastidial c...

The recovery is thought to be due to the presence of additional ATP brought about by the inhibition of protein synthesis and through the addition of amino acids in the pool. The amino acids could provide additional ATP through inhibitory feedback mechanisms and the catabolism of amino acids. The exogenous use of citrulline, histidine, proline, glycine, phenylalanine, cysteine, isoleucine, alani...

The effect of chloroquine and hydroxychloroquine on neutrophil superoxide release stimulated by the chemotactic tripeptide N-formyl-methionyl-leucyl-phenylalanine (FMLP) was examined. Both drugs caused time and dose dependent inhibition of superoxide release but had no effect on equilibrium binding of [3H]FMLP to its receptor. Preliminary experiments suggest that these drugs may exert their inh...

OBJECTIVES The study investigated whether beta-adrenoceptor antagonists augment the hypertrophic response of cardiomyocytes evoked by norepinephrine. BACKGROUND In adult ventricular cardiomyocytes, stimulation of alpha- but not beta-adrenoceptors induces myocardial hypertrophy. Natural catecholamines, like norepinephrine, stimulate simultaneously alpha- and beta-adrenoceptors. We investigated...

The mechanism of phenylalanine regulation of rat liver phenylalanine hydroxylase was studied. We show that phenylalanine "activates" phenylalanine hydroxylase, converting it from an inactive to active form, by binding at a true allosteric regulatory site. One phenylalanine molecule binds per enzyme subunit; it remains at this site during catalytic turnover and, while there, cannot be hydroxylat...

In the present study, the application for the removal of phenylalanine by using two nano sorbents, namely, cetyltrimethylammonium bromide –Coated and BKC (benzal-conium chloride)-Coated Fe3O4 nanoparticles was investigated. Solid-phase extraction (SPE) and ultra violet–visible spectroscopy were used for studying the removal ability of each nano-sorbent in this study. Scanning Electron Microscop...

The brain damage which occurs in untreated phenylketonuria probably results from the high plasma phenylalanine concentration prevailing in this condition, as treatment with a low-phenylalanine diet mitigates the situation. The actual cause of the brain damage is not known, but investigations have been carried out with high phenylalanine loads to simulate phenylketonuria and so elucidate the nat...

UNLABELLED The effect of energy, protein, fat, and phenylalanine on serum phenylalanine concentrations during pregnancy for a set of identical twins with phenylketonuria (PKU) was examined. Blood samples were collected one to two times per week. The subjects completed a 3-d food record prior to each blood collection. The effect of the factors on serum phenylalanine levels was evaluated statisti...