Chronic exposure to hypoxia results in a time-dependent increase in ventilation called ventilatory acclimatization to hypoxia. Increased O(2) sensitivity of arterial chemoreceptors contributes to ventilatory acclimatization to hypoxia, but other mechanisms have also been hypothesized. We designed this experiment to determine whether central nervous system processing of peripheral chemoreceptor ...

Background/Introduction Phrenic nerve palsy (PNP) is a well-recognized complication after cardiac surgery which might occur as a result of topical myocardial cooling, direct injury or ischemia. It can result in deleterious respiratory effects especially in children and in patient with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease which adversely affect recovery and increase the length of ICU and hospit...

The shoulder joint is the foundation for excellent upper extremity function. It contributes to stability and basic movements like rotation and elevation of the arm. Shoulder fusion should not be accepted even for total palsy, and nerve repair should be recommended as long as an available donor nerve exists. In planning the reconstructive procedure for shoulder function, accurate biomechanical a...

In anesthetized cats, phrenic motoneurons were intracellularly labeled with HRP. Immunohistochemistry was used to localize serotonin-like immunoreactivity that was present in numerous boutons and nerve fibers within the ventral horn of the C5 spinal segment. Immunoreactive boutons were frequently found in apposition to phrenic motoneurons, but these close contacts were more common on the dendri...

AN EARLY REPORT of rhythmic electrical stimulation of phrenic nerves to effect respiration was by Waud31 in 1937, who used the technic in rabbits to avoid the effects of positive pressure insufflation on the pulmonary circulation. Sarnoff et al.24, 25 26 between 1948 and 1950 experimented extensively with electrical stimulation of the phrenic nerve and demonstrated that submaximal electrical st...

Pre-embedding immunocytochemistry for the active form of glutamate decarboxylase (GAD67) and postembedding staining for gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA) were compared as markers for central GABAergic terminals in the phrenic motor nucleus, in which phrenic motor neurons had been retrogradely labeled with cholera toxin B-horseradish peroxidase. Nerve terminals with or without GAD67 immunoreactivit...