Abstract Parvipelvia is a major clade of ichthyosaurians that diversified during the Triassic-Jurassic transition. The interrelationships early parvipelvians remain unclear and many genera are loosely diagnosed, such as Temnodontosaurus, an ecologically important genus from Early Jurassic Western Europe. One taxon concentrates taxonomic issues: ‘Ichthyosaurus’ acutirostris was previously assign...

Abstract Background Atractylodes DC is the basic original plant of widely used herbal medicines “Baizhu” and “Cangzhu” an endemic genus in East Asia. Species within have minor morphological differences, universal DNA barcodes cannot clearly distinguish systemic relationship or identify species genus. In order to solve these question, we sequenced chloroplast genomes all using high-throughput se...

Comparison of metabolic pathways provides a systematic way for understanding the evolutionary and phylogenetic relationships in systems biology. Although a number of phylogenetic methods have been developed, few efforts have been made to provide a unified phylogenetic framework that sufficiently reflects the metabolic features of organisms. In this paper, we propose a phylogenetic framework tha...