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introduction internationally, the most widely used term to describe the phenomenon of people owning or utilizing some sort of dwelling for recreational and secondary purposes is a second home. throughout the world, many different terms are used to describe second home. however, even if differences in defining the phenomenon do occur, the similarities between the terms and definitions are obviou...

Mountain hydrology, in particular in the European Alps, has undergone significant changes within the last decades due to climate and land use change as well as altered water consumption patterns. Climate change influences both the characteristics of droughts and floods as well as evapotranspiration, sublimation, snow-rainfall ratios, snow seasonality, and water reserves locked in glaciers. Land...

A number of scientific methodologies have been used in assessing land degradation globally. However, the use of local knowledge in eliciting indicators of land degradation has seen little application by scientists and policy makers. Researchers believe the two approaches could complement each other to provide a holistic assessment of land degradation. The objective of the study was to find out ...

agricultural land conversion (alc) has been introduced as one of the most important factorsaffecting ecosystem. this type of conversion has led to several challenges in agricultural development andhuman life. monitoring alc plays a crucial role when dealing with such challenges. the main objective of thisstudywas to monitor the trend ofalc in theqazvin province located in northwest iran from 19...

Tian et al., (2004a), Oleson et al., (2003), and Tian et al., (2004b) recently identified significant differences between the current land surface parameters of the Community Land Model (CLM) used with the Community Climate System Model (CCSM), and global land surface descriptions from Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer (MODIS) satellite mapping. Specifically these investigations ide...

[1] Historical observations indicate a shift toward shorter winters and increased average air temperatures in the midwestern United States. Furthermore, a rise in soil temperatures is likely to be enhanced under projections of increased air temperature; however, reduced snow cover during winter may lead to colder soil temperatures in the future. Cumulatively, these changes will affect cold seas...

in addition to attention to natural light as a renewable, costless and environment-friendly source of energy in the late 20th century, numerous studies have been conducted into the effect of natural light on human being’s soul and body and all such studies reiterate the undeniable role of natural lighting on people’s behavior, attitudes, and efficiency. however, in spite of the awareness of the...