although host plant resistance is the healthiest, most reliable and cheapest way of pest control, to achieve a successful integrated pest management, pest-resistant plant varieties should be compatibity with the biological control agents. throughout the present study, the performance of the predatory mite, phytoseiulus persimilis، on four common bean cultivars (naz, khomein, akhtar and g11867) ...

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The spindle is a highly dynamic molecular machine that mediates precise chromosome segregation during cell division. Spindle size can vary dramatically, not only between species but also between different cells of the same organism. However, the reasons for spindle size variability are largely unknown. Here we show that variations in spindle size can be linked to a precise developmental require...

1. Foraging underlies the ability of all animals to acquire essential resources and thus provides a critical link to understand population dynamics. A key issue is how variation in foraging behaviour affects foraging efficiency and predator–prey interactions in spatially heterogeneous environments. However, there is very little quantitative information available on this topic. 2. We evaluated t...

This is the first study on phylogenetic relationships in the genus Artemia Leach, 1819 using the pattern and sequence of secondary structures of internal transcribed spacer 1 (ITS1). Significant intraspecific variation in the secondary structure of ITS1 rRNA was found in Artemia tibetiana. In the phylogenetic tree based on joined primary and secondary structure sequences, Artemia urmiana and pa...

In nature, closely related species may hybridize while still retaining their distinctive identities. Chromosomal regions that experience reduced recombination in hybrids, such as within inversions, have been hypothesized to contribute to the maintenance of species integrity. Here, we examine genomic sequences from closely related fruit fly taxa of the Drosophila pseudoobscura subgroup to recons...

The Sex-Ratio chromosome in Drosophila pseudoobscura is subject to meiotic drive. It is associated with a series of three nonoverlapping paracentric inversions on the right arm of the X chromosome. The esterase-5 gene region has been localized to section 23 within the subbasal inversion of the Sex-Ratio inversion complex, making esterase-5 a convenient locus for molecular evolutionary analyses ...