Novel Pickering emulsions were stabilized by complex interfaces in the presence of zein colloidal particles (ZCPs), propylene glycol alginate (PGA), and rhamnolipid (Rha) for delivery ?-carotene. The influence particle-surfactant, particle-biopolymer, particle-biopolymer-surfactant mixed on physiochemical properties digestion fate was investigated. It is first time that three different types em...