A navigation pile, which can be used as a priority queue, is an extension of a selection tree. In a compact form the whole data structure requires only a linear number of bits in addition to the elements stored. In this paper, we study the practical efficiency of three different implementations of navigation piles and compare their efficiency against two implementations of binary heaps. The res...

spm (Sand Pile Model) is a simple discrete dynamical system used in physics to represent granular objects. It is deeply related to integer partitions, and many other combinatorics problems, such as tilings or rewriting systems. The evolution of the system started with n stacked grains generates a lattice, denoted by SPM(n). We study here the structure of this lattice. We rst explain how it can ...

Concrete cylinder piles produced by a centrifugally cast, vibrated, roller-compacted process have shown promising corrosion resistance in marine environments. Three bridges in the Florida panhandle with ~40 years in aggressive marine service and one newly constructed marine bridge utilizing concrete cylinder piles were examined. Examination of the older marine bridges showed minimal corrosion d...

The dynamics of several games on line graphs is studied. Relations between these games and a one-dimensional version of the sand pile model are established. We also study a generalization of the latter model, which we call the ice pile model. Specifically, we investigate the dynamical behavior of all these games and provide closed formulas for the transient time lengths they require to reach th...

in soft soil areas, equal-length piles are often adopted in the retaining system. a decrease in the bending moment value borne by the retaining structure along the pile depth (below the excavation bottom), leads to an inadequate use of the pile bending capacity near the pile bottom. this paper presents retaining systems with long and short pile combinations, in which the long piles ensure integ...

to increase the safety of structures against strong ground motions and their life due to environmental issues on the earth and saving in terms of materials, it is necessary to expand and upgrade seismic resistant systems. however, more cost-effective systems which have sufficient influence on the seismic performance of structures and also more compatibility with the regional conditions, will be...

Pennsylvania generates over 50,000 m of spent mushroom substrate (SMS) annually due to production of the white button mushroom Agaricus bisporus (Chong and Hamersma 1997). Improper disposal of this volume of organic waste may cause environmental problems such as air, water and soil pollution. Considering that its major ingredients include incompletely composted straw, hay, manure, gypsum and po...

In this paper we study a variant of the Sand Piles Model, where the evolution rule consists of the falling down of one grain to a random column and an avalanche to reach a stable configuration. We prove that the infinite set of all stable configurations have a lattice structure which is a sublattice of Young lattice. At the end, based on a discussion about avalanches, we construct a generating ...

Pile foundations have been the subject of interest for earthquake engineers since last several decades. The devastations caused in major earthquakes of the world can be the reason enough to carry out the research on the topic of seismic behavior of piles. One definite concern is liquefaction induced ground movement after the shaking in an earthquake, causing extra lateral loads acting on piles....

In this paper, I describe the rules of a game, and give a complete description of when the game can be won, and when it cannot be won. The first section describes a position from which the game cannot be won, and the second proves that the game can