A compact polarization splitter-rotator based on a silicon-on-insulator rib asymmetrical directional coupler with SiO2 top-cladding is proposed. Unlike previously reported PSRs which specifically required the top-cladding material to be different from the bottom cladding in order to break the symmetry of the waveguide cross-section, our proposed PSR has no such limitation on the top-cladding du...

We propose a silicon-on-insulator (SOI) polarization diversity scheme in the mid-infrared wavelength range. In consideration of absorption loss in silicon dioxide (SiO2), the polarization splitter-rotator (PSR) is designed and optimized with silicon nitride (SiN) upper-cladding and SiO2 lower-cladding. This asymmetry allows the PSR, which consists of mode-conversion tapers...

2. Materials, fabrication, and characterization To overcome the insolubility problem of the inorganic precursor salts of rare-earth dopant ions in the polymer host, the Nd 3+ ions were encapsulated in a stable organic complex, Nd(TTA)3phen (TTA = thenoyltrifluoroacetone, phen = 1,10-phenanthroline) (Fig. 1a). The Nd-complex was dissolved into the polymer waveguide material, a solution of 6-FDA/...

We analyze metal-clad disk cavities designed for nanolasers in the visible red spectrum with subwavelength device size and mode volume. Metal cladding suppresses radiation loss and supports low order modes with room temperature Q of 200 to 300. Non-degenerate single-mode operation with enhanced spontaneous emission coupling factor β is expected with the TE(011) mode that has a 0.46(λ(0)/n)(3) m...

The restriction of Pipe, a potential glycosaminoglycan-modifying enzyme, to ventral follicle cells of the egg chamber is essential for dorsoventral axis formation in the Drosophila embryo. pipe repression depends on the TGFalpha-like ligand Gurken, which activates the Drosophila EGF receptor in dorsal follicle cells. An analysis of Raf mutant clones shows that EGF signalling is required cell-au...

Several literatures presented automated systems for detecting or classifying sewer pipe defects based on morphological features of pipe defects. In those automated systems, however, the morphologies of the darker center or some uncertain objects on CCTV images are also segmented and become noises while morphology-based pipe defect segmentation is implemented. In this paper, the morphology-based...

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To evolve structured programs we introduce H-PIPE, a hierarchical extension of Probabilistic Incremental Program Evolution (PIPE). Structure is induced by \hierarchi-cal instructions" (HIs) limited to top-level, structuring program parts. \Skip nodes" (SNs) allow for switching program parts on and oo. They facilitate synthesis of certain structured programs. In our experiments H-PIPE outperform...

an important issue in power generation and petrochemical industries is the monitoring of pipe wall thickness and corrosion/erosion rate. the pipes are usually subject to erosive and/or corrosive environments and any failure could be catastrophic. while periodic manual ultrasonic thickness measurement is the common practice in many industries, in certain cases, where higher accuracies are requir...