Hydraulic Energy dissipators are devices to protect downstream areas of basin from erosion by reducing the velocity of flow up to an acceptable limit. The stilling basins are transition structures fabricated to dissipate excess energy confined by flow with high velocity at the outlet of conduit or tunnel so that the flow beyond the basin does not threaten the firmness of bed and banks of downst...

A n experimental investigation of a solid–liquid dispersion pipe flow was conducted using a pulsed ultrasonic Doppler velocimeter. The solid phase was composed of buoyant particles dispersed in water. This particular two-phase flow was used to mimic the behaviour of ice–water flow. Four diagnostics were used to study the complex nature of the two-phase flow mixtures: mean velocity profiles, spa...

Considering the numerous applications of the study of the flow due to leakage in a buried pipe in unsaturated porous media, finding a proper model to explain the influence of the effective factors is of great importance.There are various important factors involved in this type of flow such as: pipe leakage size and location, burial depth, the degree of the saturation of the surrounding porous m...

Engineering structures built on soft and compressible soils are often subjected to a long-lasting consolidation settlement. It is difficult achieve an acceptable level of during the first few years/days operation. Similarly, culvert structure provided at station km 159 + 112 Awash-Kombolcha-Hara Gebeya Railway Project, Ethiopia, was situated along route traversing clay ground significant thickn...

A numerical investigation is carried out to investigate the transitional flow behaviour of nanofluids flow in an inclined pipe using both single and multi-phase models. Two different nanofluids are considered, and these are Al2O3–water and TiO2–water nanofluids. Moreover, SST κ − ω transitional model is implemented to study the nanofluids flow in inclined pipe. Gravitational force is also adopt...

A numerical investigation of incompressible and transient flow around circular pipe has been carried out at different five gap phases. Flow equations such as Navier-Stokes and continuity equations have been solved using finite volume method. Unsteady horizontal velocity and kinetic energy square root profiles are plotted using different turbulence models and their sensitivity is checked against...

In recent years, research has shown that the development of a country’s financial markets and institutions contribute substantially to its subsequent economic growth. But if so, why do all countries not have developed financial markets and competitive financial institutions? In this paper, we suggest that despite its widespread benefits, not all countries reach a political consensus in favor of...

Large-scale motions (LSMs; having wavelengths up to 2-3 pipe radii) and very-LSMs (having wavelengths more than 3 pipe radii) have been shown to carry more than half of the kinetic energy and Reynolds shear stress in a fully developed pipe flow. Studies using essentially the same methods of measurement and analysis have been extended to channel and zero-pressure-gradient boundary-layer flows to...

Emission regulations for diesel engines are being strengthened and it is impossible to meet the standards without exhaust after-treatment systems. Lack of the space in many diesel vehicles, however, make it difficult to design and install stand-alone catalytic converters such as DOC, DPF, and SCR in the vehicle exhaust systems. Accordingly, those have been installed inside the muffler to save t...

This paper presents a numerical investigation of two horizontally mounted four-lobed swirl pipes in terms of swirl induction effectiveness into flows passing through them. The swirl flows induced by the two swirl pipes have the potential to improve the efficiency of Clean-In-Place procedures in a closed processing system by local intensification of hydrodynamic impact on the internal pipe surfa...