pedicle screws provide rigid fixation for instabilities in the lumbar and lumbosacral spine. anatomical consideration and potential risk of neurologic complications are the reasons to hesitate using pedicle screws in the thoracic spine. twenty moulages similar to human vertebrae were instrumented with cotrel-dubousset (cd) system pedicle screw by intratransverse process, extrapedicular and intr...

Most existing placement algorithms consider only connectivity information during the placement process, and ignore other information available from the higher levels of design process. In this paper, we exploit the use of signal flow and logic dependency in standard cell placement by using the maximum fanout-free cone (MFFC) decomposition technique. We developed a containment tree based algorit...

The function of a total hip replacement is dependent upon the implant design and materials, wear and performance characteristics, short and long-term stability, surgical technique and component placement and alignment. Although the surgeon only directly controls the surgical technique, component placement and alignment, an understanding of the biomechanical performance of total hip replacement ...

in this article, a multi-objective function for placement of distributed generation (dg) and capacitors with thetap setting of under load tap changer (ultc) transformer is introduced. most of the recent articles have paidless attention to dg, capacitor placement and ultc effects in the distribution network simultaneously. insimulations, a comparison between different modes was carried out with,...

Introduction Cardiac resynchronization therapy (CRT) has shown a significant clinical benefit over right ventricular pacing in patients with left ventricular dysfunction and a high ventricular pacing requirement. Traditionally, CRT has relied on coronary sinus (CS) lead placement through the use of fluoroscopy and venography. Three-dimensional (3D) electroanatomic mapping has been used as an al...

The prevalence of net list synthesis took raises great concern on routability of cell placement created with state-of-the-art placement techniques. In this paper, an accurate and efiienr placement routability modeling technique is proposed and incorporated into the prevailing simulated annealing approach. This accurate and eficient modeling is based on the supply versus demand analysis of routi...

Thoracic pedicle screw fixation techniques are still controversial for thoracic deformities because of possible complications including neurologic deficit. Methods to aid the surgeon in appropriate screw placement have included the use of intraoperative fluoroscopy and/or radiography as well as image-guided techniques. We describe our technique for free hand pedicle screw placement in the thora...

Cloud data storage platforms have attracted increasing attention in data management. Data replication is a well-known technique that reduces access latency, thus improving cloud data storage availability and performance. Nonetheless, replica placement algorithms are among the significant issues in data replication, which affect data availability and access performance considerably. Replica plac...

AIM To make use of fiber-reinforced composite and the patient's own extracted teeth in fabricating a provisional restoration following immediate implant placement. BACKGROUND Fiber-reinforced composites offer various possibilities in temporization of osseointegrating implants in the esthetic zone. TECHNIQUE In this chairside technique, the patient's own extracted teeth with fiber-reinforced...

We study a type of linear placement problem arising in detailed placement optimization of a given cell row in the presence of white-space (extra sites). In this single-row placement problem, the cell order is fixed within the row; all cells in other rows are also fixed. We give the first solutions to the single-row problem: (i) a dynamic programming technique with time complexity O(m2) where m ...