Metformin passes the placenta. Fetal serum levels are comparable with maternal values.

The foetus is a semiallograft. Why it is not rejected by the maternal immune system has been the focus of research for years. The earlier beliefs were that the foetus is not antigenically mature, there is a physical barrier between maternal and foetal tissues, and that the mother's immune system is inactive. These have however been proved wrong. This review discusses the placental and maternal ...

Purpose: Feto-maternal haemorrhage (FMH) is a complication of pregnancy and large FMH may lead to life-threatening anaemia in the fetus or newborn. In addition, exposure of Rhesus (Rh) D negative women to small amounts of fetal Rh D positive red cells during pregnancy or delivery may result in sensitization with its attendant problems of isoimmunisation. In most cases, the cause of FMH IS unkno...

There is a growing concern about the potential health effects of exposure to various environmental chemicals during pregnancy and infancy. The placenta is expected to be an effective barrier protecting the developing embryo against some endocrine disruptors (EDs) circulating in maternal blood. The current study was designed to assess in utero exposure levels of non-persistent organic pollutants...

These studies were performed to characterize the contribution of the uridine diphosphate glucuronosyltransferase (UGT) enzymes to the clearance of 3'-azido-3'-deoxythymidine (AZT) in vivo and to assess the regulation of UGT activity [including the disposition of the cofactor uridine diphosphate glucuronic acid (UDPGA)] in the placenta. Transport of AZT and the cofactor UDPGA across the human pl...

Objectives: To assess risk factors, outcomes and provide combinations of treatment for placenta accreta in our hospital of Shanghai, China. Methods: Clinical data of 153 women with placenta accreta and 149 controls between January 2010 and January 2015 were retrospectively collected. Univariate and multivariable logistic regression analyses were performed. Results: The maternal age (OR = 1.268,...

BACKGROUND Cesarean section (CS) is one of the most common obstetric procedures worldwide and an increased rate of cesarean section has been observed in recent studies. Maternal and fetal mortality and morbidity associated with cesarean section is an important health problem worldwide. This requires the evaluation of the effect of repeated cesarean delivery on maternal morbidity. MATERIAL/MET...