Abstract A shift from fossil fuel to renewable energy is crucial in limiting global temperature increase 2 °C above preindustrial levels. However, technologies, solar photovoltaics, wind turbines, and electric vehicles are metal-intensive, the mining smelting processes obtain needed metals emission-intensive. We estimate future PM 2.5 emissions meet metal demand of technologies two climate path...

One of the major concerns in the power sector is the day-today increasing power demand but the unavailability of enough resources to meet the power demand using the conventional energy sources. Energy is the prime mover of economic growth and is vital to the sustenance of a modern economy .Future economic growth crucially depends on the long-term availability of energy from sources that are aff...

The future distribution network comprising different energy carriers will include small-scale energy resources (SSERs) and loads, known as a Networked multi-carrier microgrid (NMCMG). This concept not only leads to an efficient reduction in operation costs, but also encompasses the energy transformation between gas and electric networks at combined nodes, as well as district heating networks. I...

factor demand behavior such as energy demand has an important role in the economic analysis. this issue is a major concern in the developing countries (e.g. iran) which are benefited from vast energy resources. in this paper, the third generation of factor demand models is used to analyze the behavior of capital adjustment in the iranian manufacturing industries. the dataset covers the two-digi...

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The continued growth of world’s population and gradual increase of people’s living standards in developing countries have sped up the exhaustion of fossil fuels and caused large amount of greenhouse gas emissions. Although renewable energy sources (e.g. wind energy, solar energy, hydro energy and biomass energy) have developed rapidly in recent years, limitations existing in these energy source...