In relativistic heavy ion collisions at RHIC and the LHC, a quark–gluon plasma (QGP) is created for short duration of about 10 fm/c. Quarkonia (bound states $$c\bar{c}$$ $$b\bar{b}$$ ) are sensitive probes this phase on length scales comparable to size bound which less than 1 fm. Observations quarkonia in these provide us with lot information how presence QGP affects various quarkonium states. ...

Abstract Two states of the slow solar wind are identified from in situ measurements by Parker Solar Probe (PSP) inside 50 radii Sun. At such distances measured PSP has not yet undergone significant transformation related to expansion and propagation wind. We focus this study on properties quiet with no magnetic switchbacks. The two differ their plasma beta, flux, pressure. PSP’s connectivity es...

The recent development of 2D arrays of single-photon avalanche diodes (SPAD) has driven the development of applications based on the ability to capture light in motion. Such arrays are composed typically of 32x32 SPAD detectors, each having the ability to detect single photons and measure their time of arrival with a resolution of about 100 ps. Thanks to the single-photon sensitivity and the hi...

We calculate the wavenumbers and polarization vectors for the two eigenmodes of light propagation through a polarized alkali vapor in a magnetic field. The wavenumbers correspond to the atomic polarizabilities for absorbing photons with ±1 unit of angular momentum. If there is an angle θ between the light propagation direction and the magnetic field, then, to a very good approximation, the wave...

The study of spatial dispersion of two-dimensional complex crystals, with periodic modulations of both gain-loss and the refractive index, reveals simultaneous nondiffractive-nondiffusive light propagation. Narrow light beams and light patterns propagate without dispersion while amplified through the complex material. We determine and explore nondiffractive-nondiffusive regimes for collinear an...

We study the propagation of polarization light through the magnetosphere of neutron stars. At intermediate frequencies (the optical through the infrared), both the birefringence induced by the plasma and by quantumelectrodynamics influence the observation polarization of radiation from the surface of the neutron star. Because these two processes compete in this regime, we find that polarization...

The propagation of holes, solitons, and rarefaction waves along the axis of a magnetized pure electron plasma column is described. The time dependence of the radially averaged density perturbation produced by the nonlinear waves is measured at several locations along the plasma column for a wide ,range of plasma parameters. The rarefaction waves are studied by measuring the free expansion of th...

21 Waves in Cold Plasmas: Two-Fluid Formalism 1 21.1 Overview . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1 21.2 Dielectric Tensor, Wave Equation, and General Dispersion Relation . . . . . 3 21.3 Two-Fluid Formalism . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5 21.4 Wave Modes in an Unmagnetized Plasma . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7 2...

We present a numerical study of propagation of VLF whistler-mode waves in a laboratory plasma. Our goal is to understand whistler propagation in magnetic field-aligned irregularities (also called channels or ducts). Two cases are examined, that of a high-frequency (x > Xce=2) whistler in a density depletion duct and that of a low-frequency (x < Xce=2) whistler in a density enhancement. Results ...