This study was aimed to determine the prevalence of ESBLs in E. coli and their relation plasmid profiling patterns a sample patients Iraqi hospitals. The total number isolates 91 (49%) were collected out 185 clinical samples. antibiotic sensitivity test for showed high resistance percentage Nitrofurantion 95.7%, amoxicillin Ceftriaxone each which 91.3% Ceftazidime 90.2%, while highest observed ...

Despite the near-ubiquity of plasmids in bacterial populations and the profound contribution of infectious gene transfer to the adaptation and evolution of bacteria, the mechanisms responsible for the maintenance of plasmids in bacterial populations are poorly understood. In this article, we address the question of how plasmids manage to persist over evolutionary time. Empirical studies suggest...

Gibson, D. T., Koch, J. R., Schuld, C. L. & Kallio, R. E. (1968) Biochemistry 7,3795-3802 Goldman, P. (1972~) in Ciba Found. Symp.: Carbon-Fluorine Compounds: Chemistry, Biochemistry and Biological Activities, pp. 335-349, Elsevier Publishing Company, Amsterdam Goldman, P. (1972b) in Degradation of Synthetic Organic Molecules in the Biosphere, pp. 147165, Printing and Publishing Office, Nationa...

A strain of Escherichia coli K-12 carrying eight compatible and distinguishable plasmids was constructed. The amounts of plasmid DNA (measured as supercoiled molecules) per chromosome in this strain was about equal to the sum of the plasmid DNAs, extracted under controlled conditions, from strains each carrying one of the eight plasmids. Analysis of these DNA preparations showed that each plasm...

The damage induced in supercoiled plasmid DNA molecules by low energy (< 1 keV u) singly and doubly charged carbon ions has been investigated as a function of ion exposure. The production of short linear fragments through multiple double strand breakage is indicated and exponential exposure responses for each of the topoisomers are presented. The damage produced by C 2+ is apparent at much lowe...

Lecithin and lecithin/cholesterol liposomes formed in aqueous solutions of DNA entrap covalently closed circular, open circular and linear DNA molecules of size up to at least 13 kilobases. The sequestered DNA molecules are efficiently protected against exogenous deoxyribonuclease action although nicking and linearization of circular DNA can be observed. The size of these liposomes ranges from ...

We determined that extrachromosomal 2μ plasmid was present in 67 of the Saccharomyces cerevisiae 100-genome strains; in addition to variation in the size and copy number of 2μ, we identified three distinct classes of 2μ. We identified 2μ presence/absence and class associations with populations, clinical origin and nuclear genotypes. We also screened genome sequences of S. paradoxus, S. kudriavz...

BACKGROUND Sulfonamide resistance is very common in Escherichia coli. The aim of this study was to characterize plasmids carrying sulfonamide resistance genes (sul1, sul2 and sul3) in E. coli isolated from pigs and humans with a specific objective to assess the genetic diversity of plasmids involved in the mobility of sul genes. METHODS A total of 501 E. coli isolates from pig feces, pig carc...

Manure is known to contain residues of antibiotics administered to farm animals as well as bacteria carrying antibiotic resistance genes (ARGs). These genes are often located on mobile genetic elements. In biogas plants (BGPs), organic substrates such as manure and plant material are mixed and fermented in order to provide energy, and resulting digestates are used for soil fertilization. The fa...