The 'Mycoplasma mycoides cluster' comprises the ruminant pathogens Mycoplasma mycoides subsp. mycoides the causative agent of contagious bovine pleuropneumonia (CBPP), Mycoplasma capricolum subsp. capripneumoniae the agent of contagious caprine pleuropneumonia (CCPP), Mycoplasma capricolum subsp. capricolum, Mycoplasma leachii and Mycoplasma mycoides subsp. capri. CBPP and CCPP are major livest...

An exact assessment of the animal health situation in a country is an essential element in formulating eradication and control programmes, and in regulating international trade in animals and animal products from that country. Due to a lack of human and technical resources, Veterinary Services in developing countries often lack precise knowledge on disease occurrence. Since the collection and t...

ICEApl1 was identified in the whole genome sequence of MIDG2331, a tetracycline-resistant (MIC = 8 mg/L) serovar 8 clinical isolate of Actinobacillus pleuropneumoniae, the causative agent of porcine pleuropneumonia. PCR amplification of virB4, one of the core genes involved in conjugation, was used to identify other A. pleuropneumoniae isolates potentially carrying ICEApl1. MICs for tetracyclin...

The efficacy of a florfenicol premix was studied in weaning pigs experimentally inoculated with Actinobacillus pleuropneumoniae. Twenty five clinically healthy pigs were distributed into 3 groups; group A non-medicated, groups B and C orally medicated with 20 and 40 ppm of florfenicol respectively. The pigs were fed during 12 consecutive days and on day 5 all the groups were challenged with A. ...

An outbreak of conjunctivitis, unaccompanied by involvement of the respiratory tract, is reported in a colony of white mice. A special strain of pleuropneumonia-like organisms was regularly isolated from the eyes and nasal passages of affected mice but not from the lungs or middle ears. Ocular carriage of these organisms in the absence of an inflammatory reaction occurred in at least 50 per cen...

Controversy exists concerning the relation or distinction of pleuropneumonia-like organisms (PPLO) and L-type erganisms (Smith, Bacteriol. Rev. 28:97, 1964). While some feel that PPLO and L organisms may be identical, i.e., that PPLO are stabilized forms derived from bacteria (Barile et al., Oral Surg. Oral Med. Oral Pathol. 16:1395, 1963), others recognize sufficient differences to warrant pla...

Gross and microscopic lesions of pasteurellosis were studied in control and immunized pasteurella-free rabbits after challenge with virulent Pasteurella multocida. Pathologic responses were compared in rabbits immunized intravenously or mucosally with P. multocida or with J5, a cross protective core LPS mutant of E. coli. All rabbits were challenged conjunctivally with approximately 2xLD50 of P...

This paper reviews preparedness for containing and controlling emerging and re-emerging diseases drawing lessons from disease events that occurred in animal and human populations in the last five decades (1961-2011). A comprehensive analysis based on retrieval and analysis of grey and published literature as well as reported cases was carried out to document type and trend of occurrence of emer...