The immune response of mice to the branched multichain synthetic polypeptide poly-L(Tyr,Glu)-poly-D,L-Ala--poly-L-Lys [(T,G)-A--L] I is under the control of a cedominant gene, I tl , which maps near the middle of the major histocompatibillty (11-2) complex (1). H-2 bib mice given a primary challenge of (T, G)-A--L in adjuvant and a secondary challenge of (T, G)-A--L in saline produce large amou...

Phase Locked Loop (PLL) is a fundamental part of radio, wireless and telecommunication technology. The goal of this document is to review the theory, design and analysis of PLL circuits. PLL is a simple negative feedback architecture that allows economic multiplication of crystal frequencies by large variable numbers. By studying the loop components and their reaction to various noise sources, ...

Developing vehicles for the delivery of therapeutic molecules, like siRNA, is an area of active research. Nanoparticles composed of bovine serum albumin, stabilized via the adsorption of poly-L-lysine (PLL), have been shown to be potentially inert drug-delivery vehicles. With the primary goal of reducing nonspecific protein adsorption, the effect of using comb-type structures of poly(ethylene g...

The proposed architecture is an all-digital delayand phase-locked loops circuit, which has several advantages, namely, it does not have the jitter accumulation issue that is normally encountered in analog DLL/PLL and can be adapted easily for different FPGA families as well as implemented as an integrated circuit ability of DLLs and PLLs to provide fixed timing relationships lets component manu...

Multiple 60-GHz WPAN (Wireless Personal Area Network) radio transceiver chips using CMOS or BiCMOS process have been developed as wireless communication service of several-gigabit rate [Reynolds, 2006] [Razavi, 2006]. In a 60GHz millimetre-wave transceiver, frequency synthesizer is a key building block. It is very difficult to design the PLL-based programmable synthesizer directly at 60GHz band...

This paper revisits the design of current controller for grid-connected voltage-source converters (VSCs), considering dynamic impacts phase-locked loop (PLL), weak grids, and voltage feedforward (VFF) control. First, a single-input single-output transfer-function-based model is proposed to characterize interactions control loops. It analytically found that proportional gain essentially aggravat...

Version 4e, August 2006 A methodology is presented for predicting the phase noise of a PLL-based frequency synthesizer using simulation that is both accurate and efficient. The methodology begins by characterizing the phase noise behavior of the blocks that make up the PLL using transistor-level RF noise simulation. For each block, the phase noise is extracted and applied to a phase-domain mode...

An ultra-low voltage phase-locked loop (PLL) is demonstrated in standard 130-nm CMOS technology. The PLL employs a novel low-voltage charge-pump circuit which compensates current and leakage mismatches that result in suppressed reference spurs. Its voltage-controlled oscillator is realized with supply-regulated active-loop filter. Our PLL occupies 0.014 mm and consumes 88 μW at 0.4-V supply for...

This paper considers the stability of high order Charge Pump Phase Lock Loop (CP-PLL), proposing a novel means of identifying stable regions for such systems. Traditional design techniques are inefficient for high frequency, high order CPPLL systems. This paper proposes an accurate and efficient means of identifying stable regions for 2 and 3 order high frequency (> 1GHz) CP-PLL. Using exact no...

Unfortunately, most of the articles and books written about designing the Loop Filter for PLL synthesizers dwell in the theoretical and try to cover the subject for all cases of PLL synthesizer design. This article will consider the design of a simple passive three-pole Loop Filter typically used in low voltage, low operating bandwidth synthesizer applications. This approach will simplify and d...