As an air pollutant is transported from a source to a potential receptor the pollutant disperses into the surrounding air so that it arrives at a much lower concentration than it was on leaving the source. Strict environmental regulations worldwide resulted in an ever growing concern about the validity and reliability of air quality dispersion models. The present work is a try to evaluate the a...

[1] On 5 April 2005, during the East Asian Study of Tropospheric Aerosols: An International Regional Experiment (EAST-AIRE) aircraft campaign, heavy loadings of SO2 (20 ppb near ground, 1–3 ppb at 2 km altitude) and dust with aerosol optical depth of 1 were measured over Shenyang, an industrialized city 600 km NE of Beijing. In this study, Ozone Monitoring Instrument (OMI) and MODIS satellite s...

The release of a chemical/biological/nuclear (C/B/N) agent in a city remains a viable threat. As these silent, invisible and odorless plumes can cause massive casualties that would overwhelm emergency facilities, modeling, tracking and real-time prediction of plume dispersion and lethality is central to developing a user-friendly first responder's tool for evacuating civilians and managing emer...

Researchers have reported adverse health effects among rescue/recovery workers and people living near the World Trade Center on September 11, 2001. The authors investigated the occurrence of respiratory symptoms among persons living outside of Lower Manhattan in areas affected by the World Trade Center particulate matter plume. Using a novel atmospheric dispersion model, they estimated relative...

An analytical model is used to simulate the effects of partial source removal and plume remediation on ethylene dibromide (EDB) and 1,2-dichloroethane (1,2-DCA) plumes at contaminated underground storage tank (UST) sites. The risk posed by EDB, 1,2-DCA, and commingled gasoline hydrocarbons varies throughout the plume over time. Dissolution from the light nonaqueous phase liquid (LNAPL) determin...

Researchers have reported adverse health effects among rescue/recovery workers and people living near the World Trade Center on September 11, 2001. The authors investigated the occurrence of respiratory symptoms among persons living outside of Lower Manhattan in areas affected by the World Trade Center particulate matter plume. Using a novel atmospheric dispersion model, they estimated relative...

Introduction: Saturn’s icy satellite Enceladus is strongly suspected of possessing a subsurface ocean of liquid water below its geologically active south polar region [1-5]. The ocean is thought to be the source of chemicals in Enceladus’ plume [3,4]. The composition of the ocean is of great interest, as it contains key clues to the geochemical evolution of Enceladus [6], it sets the boundary c...

The early stage of the ablation plume formation and the following dynamics of the plume expansion are studied numerically using a combination of molecular dynamics and the direct simulation Monte Carlo methods. The direct cluster ejection from the target and the following cluster-monomer and cluster-cluster collisions are considered. The presence of the ablated clusters is shown to strongly aff...

Data are presented from 15 prescribed fires of forest slash in the Pacific Northwest. Total energies varied between 3 and 35 TeraJoules (TJ}, maximum flame powers, P, between 0.4 and 6.9 GigaWatts (GW), and highest observed plume-top altitudes, Zo, between 700 and 3000 meters above the burn sites. For these fires a two-parameter empirical model gave Zm ≈ 1403 P0.36 meters, with rms errors of 39...