A subpopulation of the largest subunit of RNA polymerase II (Pol II LS) is located in 20-50 discrete subnuclear domains that are closely linked to speckle domains, which store splicing proteins. The speckle-associated fraction of Pol II LS is hyperphosphorylated on the COOH-terminal domain (CTD), and it is highly resistant to extraction by detergents. A diffuse nucleoplasmic fraction of Pol II ...

Chromatin is structurally involved in the transcriptional regulation of all genes. While the nucleosome positioning at RNA polymerase II (pol II) promoters has been extensively studied, less is known about the chromatin structure at pol III promoters in human cells. We use a high-resolution analysis to show substantial differences in chromatin structure of pol II and pol III promoters, and betw...

Recent interest in dual-pol SAR systems has lead to a novel approach to dual-pol SAR, the so-called compact polarimetric imaging mode. The original idea, presented by Souyris et al. [1], employed a SAR system transmitting a linearly polarized wave rotated by 45° with respect to the orientation of the vertical (V) and horizontal (H) receive antennas. One then constructed pseudo quad-pol data fro...

We have shown earlier that DNA polymerase beta (Pol beta) localizes to the synaptonemal complex (SC) during Prophase I of meiosis in mice. Pol beta localizes to synapsed axes during zygonema and pachynema, and it associates with the ends of bivalents during late pachynema and diplonema. To test whether these localization patterns reflect a function for Pol beta in recombination and/or synapsis,...

Argumentation Frameworks Dung s Abstract Argumentation framework * AF = (Args, Attack) where Attack Args Args Calculus of opposition applied to determine winning arguments A1 A2 A3 (publish) (not political) (political) (Args, Attack) abstracts from underlying logic based definition of Args and Attack Args = proofs of conclusions (claims) Attack = logic specific definition of conflict x * P. M. ...

Previous studies showed that hepatitis B virus polymerase (HBV Pol) interacts with host factors such as the Hsp90 complex, which is a critical step in viral genome replication. In this report, we propose that another chaperone, Hsp60, interacts with human HBV Pol and that this is a very important step for maturation of human HBV Pol into the active state. In the immunoprecipitation of recombina...

Production of the human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) Gag-Pol precursor protein results from a -1 ribosomal frameshifting event. In infected cells, this generates Gag and Gag-Pol in a ratio that is estimated to be 20:1, a ratio that is conserved among retroviruses. To examine the impact of this ratio on HIV-1 replication and viral assembly, we altered the Gag/Gag-Pol ratio in virus-prod...

This thesis is divided into three parts , united by the theme of the development of selective inhibitors of mammalian cell DNA polymerase delta (pol S). The first part consists of an investigation of the cytotoxic mechanism(s) of certain 2-substituted adenine analogs , selected on the basis of their inhibitory properties towards DNA polymerase alpha (pol a) and mammalian cell DNA synthesis. The...

Transcription by RNA polymerase II (Pol II) is thought to be predominantly regulated by recruitment of Pol II to promoters. Recent genome-wide analyses demonstrate that many genes are in fact regulated after recruitment of Pol II, by mechanisms such as pausing of Pol II proximal to promoters.

Translesion synthesis (TLS) by Y-family DNA polymerases alleviates replication stalling at DNA damage. Ring-shaped processivity clamps play a critical but ill-defined role in mediating exchange between Y-family and replicative polymerases during TLS. By reconstituting TLS at the single-molecule level, we show that the Escherichia coli β clamp can simultaneously bind the replicative polymerase (...