In this paper we present and analyze a wireless wave leader election protocol (WWLE) for wireless mobile ad hoc sensor networks. We present also a mathematical model for the energy consumption within a sensor node. The capabilities of a node being a leader (like available resources such as battery energy, network capabilities, etc.) are integrated in the algorithm. The simulation results show t...

This study compares six metrics commonly used to identify influential players in two of Canada’s largest political Twitter communities based on the users, and ranking order of users, identified by each metric. All tweets containing the hashtag #CPC, representing the Conservative Party of Canada (government), and #NDP, representing the New Democratic Party of Canada (official opposition), were c...

This paper adopts an information systems perspective to study the recent American presidential election. The election may be seen as a decision making process to choose the leader to represent the wishes and interests of the people. The system supporting the process is an information system, with information technology, inputs, outputs, users, human operators, procedures, assumptions, and goals...

Although social institutions permeate the world in which we live, they are all but absent from our analyses of economic growth and development. This paper argues the need to mitigate this omission by demonstrating the importance of social institutions for growth and development while focusing on institutions providing social safety nets. Social institutions and policies render individual behavi...

Following a period of some distancing through the 1980s and 1990s, Brazil has made a concerted effort to engage with Africa. Today, under the leadership of President Lula, Africa is clearly a priority, especially as Brazil emerges as a global economic power and leader of the developing South. Yet, relatively little is written of Brazil’s engagement with Africa and the rationale behind the polit...

An optimal navigation strategy for a robot agency is related to the team colony coordination, environment areas subdivision and the best exploration strategy of each robot citizen taking into account the government political stance. The last item depends also on the assigned sub-area features: mission environments can be empty, with obstacles, with walls and corridors etc. Adopting the Metaphor...

ibn al-moqaffa, an iranian thinker and reformer lived in the era when people suffered from tyranny. he had well realized the root of people's problem which he attributed to the political regime. he was the one who believed that the progress of common men depends on the progress of nobles and their progress is not possible without their leader's progress. the society in those days was ...

In recent years, much has been learned about the cis-elements controlling transcription of the kinetoplastid spliced leader (SL) RNA gene. The SL RNA gene contains the first 39 nucleotides that are trans-spliced on to all nuclear-derived mRNAs in these organisms. Transcription initiation is determined by two precisely spaced upstream elements and transcription termination is directed by the dow...