BACKGROUND There is growing concern of health effects of exposure to pollutant mixtures. We initially proposed an Environmental Risk Score (ERS) as a summary measure to examine the risk of exposure to multi-pollutants in epidemiologic research considering only pollutant main effects. We expand the ERS by consideration of pollutant-pollutant interactions using modern machine learning methods. We...

BACKGROUND In time-series studies of the health effects of urban air pollutants, decisions must be made about how to characterize pollutant levels within the airshed. METHODS Emergency department visits for pediatric asthma exacerbations were collected from Atlanta hospitals. Concentrations of carbon monoxide, nitrogen dioxide, ozone, sulfur dioxide, particulate matter less than 10 microns in...

Abstract One of the most important issues at present time in developed and developing countries alike is air pollution. Sulfur dioxides consider one gases pollutant that product from fossil fuel combustion such as oil coal. It considered principal pollutants has contributed to premature deaths respiratory illnesses. Globally SO2 also a high spatial temporal variability because its short atmosph...

High concentrations of ozone (O3) in the lower troposphere increase global warming, and thus affect climatic conditions and human health. Especially in metropolitan cities like Istanbul, ozone level approximates to security levels that may threaten human health. Therefore, there are many research efforts on building accurate ozone prediction models to develop public warning strategies. The goal...

Stormwater management for water quality control is a relatively recent technology. Initially urban stormwater was considered a water quantity problem solved by rapidly draining runoff into sewers, ditches or directly into lakes and rivers. By the mid-1970s studies showed over half the pollutant loads entering Florida waters came from non-point sources (stormwater) caused in part by paving, ditc...

This study uses more than a decade's worth of data across Arizona to characterize the spatiotemporal distribution, frequency, and source of extreme aerosol events, defined as when the concentration of a species on a particular day exceeds that of the average plus two standard deviations for that given month. Depending on which of eight sites studied, between 5% and 7% of the total days exhibite...

Exact measurements or modeling of human exposures to environmental pollutants are of crucial importance for a realistic evaluation of public health risks. Current concepts, however, often use assumptions that result in overly conservative assessments of public health risks. Too frequently the dose of the pollutant retained in the body is approximated by oversimplified predictions assuming that ...

AIMS This study was designed to evaluate the association between urban air pollutants and emergency admissions for cerebrovascular diseases. METHODS AND RESULTS Daily emergency admissions for cerebrovascular diseases (ICD-9-CM, 430-437) to the National Taiwan University Hospital were regressed against daily concentrations of carbon monoxide (CO), nitrogen dioxide (NO(2)), sulphur dioxide (SO(...

The adverse effects of traffic-related air pollution on children's respiratory health have been widely reported, but few studies have evaluated the impact of traffic-control policies designed to reduce urban air pollution. We assessed associations between traffic-related air pollutants and respiratory/allergic symptoms amongst 8-9 year-old schoolchildren living within the London Low Emission Zo...

BACKGROUND There is evidence from previous studies that maternal occupational exposure to hazardous air pollutants (HAPs) is positively associated with oral clefts; however, studies evaluating the association between residential exposure to these toxicants and oral clefts are lacking. Therefore, our goal was to conduct a case-control study examining the association between estimated maternal re...