Vinyl chloride is a manufactured substance that is used to make polyvinyl chloride (PVC) plastic products, such as pipes, wire coatings, packaging materials, and cigarette filters. Because vinyl chloride usually exists in a gaseous state, the most common way of taking vinyl chloride into the human body is inhalation. People whowork at or near a facility thatmanufactures vinyl chloride and PVC p...

Homoallenic alcohols are prepared from propargyl vinyl ethers using a trinuclear gold(I)-oxo complex, [(Ph3PAu)3O]BF4, as a catalyst for propargyl Claisen rearrangement at room temperature. The gold(I)-catalyzed reaction is effective for a diverse collection of propargyl vinyl ethers, including substrates containing aryl and alkyl groups at the propargylic position, and hydrogen, aryl, and alky...

The purpose of this research was to develop an applicable sampling and analytical method to determine airborne 4-vinyl-1-cyclohexene concentrations which are usually found in the atmosphere of polybutadiene factories. A solid sorbent tube, containing two sections (100 mg in the front and 50 mg in the back) of activated coconut-shell charcoal was chosen for sampling 4-vinyl-1-cyclohexene vapor. ...

This chapter is about how early warnings in the 1950s and 1960s concerning the short-term harm of vinyl chloride (VC) to the skin and bones of workers, and to the livers of laboratory animals, were initially hidden from other workers and regulators. This was despite some early misgivings by company experts whose advice was initially ignored by their employers. This pattern was repeated when the...

The chemical structural differences distinguishing chlorophylls in oxygenic photosynthetic organisms are either formyl substitution (chlorophyll b, d, and f) or the degree of unsaturation (8-vinyl chlorophyll a and b) of a side chain of the macrocycle compared with chlorophyll a. We conducted an investigation of the conversion of vinyl to formyl groups among naturally occurring chlorophylls. We...

Recent results in the chemistry of disubstituted carbenium ions (vinyl cations and phenyl cations) are described separately under three different sections: From kinetic and solvolytic data of several 1—cyclobutenyl nonaflates, the intermediacy of a non-classical vinyl cation, namely the 1-cyclobutenyl cation 2 is established. Cycloaddition reactions of solvolytically generated vinyl cations wit...

Detailed simulations are reported for the coupled dynamics of electrons and nuclei in the isomerization reaction of cis-stilbene stimulated by laser excitation. The results demonstrate that, in addition to the traditional vinyl and vinyl– phenyl torsions, the HCCH torsional coordinate of the vinyl group also makes a significant contribution to the HOMO and LUMO couplings that yield nonradiative...

Consideration of needs for public health interventions and new research requires comparative assessments of the health benefits that are likely to result from alternative uses of limited regulatory and technical resources. This paper briefly examines regulatory and research priorities in the light of recent information on the carcinogenic hazards of vinyl chloride and alkyl and vinyl halides re...

A stereospecific palladium-catalyzed N-vinylation of azaheterocycles with vinyl triflates is described. Cyclic and acyclic vinyl triflates along with nonnucleophilic azaheterocycles were found to be substrates for this palladium-catalyzed synthesis of N-vinyl pyrrole and indole derivatives.

 Vinyl chloride is readily and rapidly absorbed via inhalation, ingestion and through the skin  At room temperature vinyl chloride is a gas, so inhalation is the major route exposure  Following absorption, it is distributed through the body, with the highest concentrations found in the liver and kidneys, followed by the lungs and spleen  Vinyl chloride is mainly metabolised in the liver int...