I N 1959, ATHENS AND MAUER and their respective collaborators’2 described methods for labeling polymorphonuclear leukocytes with P 52 tagged diisopropylfluorophosphate ( DFP32 ) and subsequently isolating those cells from whole blood. Using that method, they have contributed most of what is known about the intravascular survival and distribution of neutrophils in normal persons. However, that m...

Abstract Spleen tyrosine kinase (SYK) is a novel therapeutic target that inhibits neutrophil and macrophage activation in coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19). Fostamatinib, SYK inhibitor, was studied phase 2 placebo-controlled randomized clinical trial associated with improvements many secondary end points related to efficacy. Here, we used multiomic approach evaluate cellular soluble immune me...

Neutrophil granulocytes, also called polymorphonuclear leukocytes (PMNs), extrude molecular lattices of decondensed chromatin studded with histones, granule enzymes, and antimicrobial peptides that are referred to as neutrophil extracellular traps (NETs). NETs capture and contain bacteria, viruses, and other pathogens. Nevertheless, experimental evidence indicates that NETs also cause inflammat...

Recombinant granulocyte colony stimulating factor (G-CSF) was administered daily for 14 days to healthy young (Y) (20 to 30 years) and elderly (O) (70 to 80 years) volunteers to evaluate the effects of age on the neutrophil (polymorphonuclear leukocytes, PMN) responses. Thirty-eight volunteers were randomized to receive 0 micrograms, 30 micrograms, or 300 micrograms per day. Baseline neutrophil...

OBJECTIVE To investigate single neutrophil flow resistance in coronary artery disease, including myocardial infarction before initiation of reperfusion therapy. DESIGN Neutrophil flow resistance was measured in 93 subjects in five groups: (group 1) 28 patients within 12 hours after the onset of myocardial infarction, before reperfusion therapy; (group 2) 18 with unstable angina; (group 3) 13 ...

Human polymorphonuclear neutrophils preexposed to cytotaxin or to phagocytizable particles exhibited reduced spontaneous and chemotactic migratory responses. This influence of cytotaxin appears to be related to toxic effects of by-products of hexose monophosphate shunt stimulation. To determine whether a phagocytic stimulus may inhibit subsequent neutrophil migratory functions by the same mecha...

It has been recently proposed that adhesion of polymorphonuclear cells (PMNs) to human umbilical vein endothelial cells leads to the disorganization of the vascular endothelial cadherin-dependent endothelial adherens junctions. Combined immunofluorescence and biochemical data suggested that after adhesion of PMNs to the endothelial cell surface, beta-catenin, as well as plakoglobin was lost fro...

Polymorphonuclear neutrophils (PMN) are thought to play a role in reperfusion injury and ischemia. These effects are partly mediated by toxic oxygen species (superoxide anion, hydrogen peroxide and hydroxyl radical) acting at the level of the endothelium. It was demonstrated recently that the superoxide anion reacts with nitric oxide (NO) and that interaction leads to the generation of highly t...

Pattern recognition is an integral part of the innate immune system. The human contact system has been shown to interact with the surface of many bacterial and fungal pathogens, and once activated leads to the generation of antimicrobial peptides and the proinflammatory mediator bradykinin. Here we show that apart from these surfaces also neutrophil extracellular traps (NETs) provide a surface ...