introduction: the aim of this study was to identify the root and canal morphology of maxillary first and second molars in iranian population by taking and analyzing cone-beam computed tomography (cbct) scans. methods and materials: extracted maxillary first ( n =125) and second ( n =125) molars were collected from native iranians and scanned by using a cbct scanner. the number of roots and conf...

Population-level health interventions are policies or programs that shift the distribution of health risk by addressing the underlying social, economic and environmental conditions. These interventions might be programs or policies designed and developed in the health sector, but they are more likely to be in sectors elsewhere, such as education, housing or employment. Population health interve...

This commentary discusses the importance of the Pan-Canadian Public Health Network in facilitating the coordination and infrastructure of Canada's public health system. Within Canada, effective intervention practice and research is at the forefront of public health, but there are questions regarding how best to conduct population health intervention research, how to put the evidence into practi...

Population-based genetic research, including genetic epidemiology, shows tremendous potential to elucidate the role of genes as causal factors in complex and common human diseases. Like all research with human subjects, full realization of these benefits requires careful attention to its ethical conduct, establishing an appropriate balance between individual protections and the advancement of s...

IARC classified PCP in Group 2B (possibly carcinogenic to humans) on the basis of inadequate evidence of carcinogenicity in humans but sufficient evidence in e xperimental animals. There is suggestive, although inconclusive, evidence of the carcinogenicity of PCP from epidemiological studies of populations exposed to mixtures that include PCP. Conclusive evidence of carcinogenicity has been obt...

Entomologists often require large numbers of experimental insects for laboratory studies. The quality of these insects should be high and constant, otherwise the results of replicate experiments can be contradictive or results from subsequent fieldwork might be disappointing. The quality of experimental insects can be influenced by population density, nutrition, environmental conditions, etc. T...

entire populations and to reduce health inequities.* It recognizes both health as a capacity or resource and the range of social, economic and environmental factors that contribute to it. A related articulation of health is “the capacity of people to adapt to, respond to, or control life’s challenges and changes”.1 In their seminal paper, Hawe and Potvin2 raise a cogent related question, “what ...

BACKGROUND About 30 million individuals in the United States are living with a rare disease, which by definition have a prevalence of 200,000 or fewer cases in the United States ([National Organization for Rare Disorders], [About NORD], [2016]). Disease heterogeneity and geographic dispersion add to the difficulty of completing robust studies in small populations. Improving the ability to condu...

The researcher in this paper sought to identify the basic components that are integral part of any research methods while conducting a qualitative research. The researcher developed a qualitative research methods chapter while conducting research on a phenomenon of abusive supervision. This paper will help the research students to analyse a phenomenon such as abusive supervision in context of i...