Apert syndrome is a type of acrocephalosyndactilia that consists of craniofacial synostosis, midface hypoplasia and syndactyly, with an autosomal dominant inheritance pattern. During anesthesia, difficult intubation and ventilation may be observed because of abnormal airways. In one of our patients, visceral anomalies, such as esophageal stricture and post-strictural dilatation, may cause respi...

Tracheal injury is a rare but highly morbid complication of endotracheal intubation. Recent reviews have advocated conservative management of these injuries without operative intervention. Extracorporeal membrane oxygenation may be a useful tool in non-operative management of tracheal injury in the setting of severe respiratory failure and need for prolonged intubation. We present a morbidly ob...

Tracheal stenosis is an uncommon but serious complication of prolonged intubation and tracheostomy patients. Treatment is often provided by otorhinolaryngologists or interventional pulmonologists, but because symptoms may not appear for weeks or months after extubation, primary care physicians are frequently the first to encounter this complication. On presentation, tracheal stenosis may be mis...

OBJECTIVE We wanted to evaluate the role of surgical and conservative therapy in the treatment of post-intubation tracheal rupture. METHODS A retrospective study was performed on 10 consecutive patients (9 women and 1 man) treated over a 7-year period. RESULTS A tracheal rupture following double-lumen intubation was recognized and repaired at the time of lobectomy for lung cancer. Five pati...

The post-feeding alkaline tide (elevated blood pH and HCO3-) has been well characterised in air-breathing animals, but to date this phenomenon has only been demonstrated in one piscine species, a marine elasmobranch. We have investigated the acid-base and ion regulatory responses of a freshwater teleost to voluntary feeding as well as to involuntary filling of the stomach via an indwelling gast...

Measurement of anaesthetic depth is a challenging task for the anaesthesiologist. Ever since the first modern anaesthetics (ether, chloroform, and nitrous oxide) were used in the 1840, doctors have been searching for a reliable method of measuring the depth of the patient’s unconsciousness. Research has indicated that patient’s attitude towards undergoing surgery is affected by the possibility ...

BACKGROUND This study was conducted to determine an effective bolus dose of fentanyl, which would attenuate the cardiovascular response to laryngoscopy and tracheal intubation. MATERIALS AND METHODS A randomised double blind controlled study was carried out on 50 healthy adult patients (ASA I and II) undergoing elective surgery under general anaesthesia. The patients were randomly allocated i...

Mandibulectomy most commonly performed as surgical management of oropharyngeal carcinoma leads to a wide array anatomical and physiological changes which result in an anticipated difficult airway. There may be posterosuperior displacement hyoid bone tongue leading reduction retropalatal space along with loss structural support the predisposing it prolapse development obstructive sleep apnoea. B...