Post-natal growth of skeletal muscle is a dynamic process involving proliferation and fusion of myoblasts with elongating myofibres (hyperplasia of myonuclei) until 3 weeks post-natally in mice, with ongoing differentiation and further increases in myofibre size mostly by hypertrophy until about 12 weeks of age. The expression of mRNAs that control these events are well described, but little is...

BACKGROUND The association between diagnostic X-ray exposures early in life and increased risk of childhood leukaemia remains unclear. METHODS This case-control study included children aged 0-14 years diagnosed with acute lymphoid leukaemia (ALL, n = 711) or acute myeloid leukaemia (AML, n = 116) from 1995 to 2008. Controls were randomly selected from the California birth registry and individ...

The purpose of this study was to gain more information on the structure of different layers of renal arteryand comparing these structures in post-natal male and female sheep. To do so, right and left renal arteries of6 adult and 6 newborn animals were dissected; the middle parts of arteries were only collected. After tissueprocessing using paraffin embedding method, 5–6-μm sections were cut and...

INTRODUCTION Cystic hygroma is a benign congenital neoplasm that mostly presents as a soft-tissue mass in the posterior triangle of the neck. Pure mediastinal lesions are uncommon; the vast majority are asymptomatic and are an incidental finding in adulthood. The diagnosis is often made intra- or postoperatively. Prenatal identification is exceptional and post-natal diagnosis also proves challe...

BACKGROUND Little is known about post-natal growth in IVF offspring and the effects of rates of early post-natal growth on blood pressure and body fat composition during childhood and adolescence. METHODS The follow-up study comprised 233 IVF children aged 8-18 years and 233 spontaneously conceived controls born to subfertile parents. Growth data from birth to 4 years of age, available for 39...

Serotonin Modulates the Maturation of the Medial Prefrontal Cortex and Hippocampus: Relevance to the Etiology of Emotional and Cognitive Behaviors Tahilia Jay Rebello Increasing evidence suggests that anxiety and depression disorders have neurodevelopmental roots, with a strong case for early-life serotonergic dysfunction in their ontogeny. For instance, disrupting serotonergic tone during crit...

The paper presents how students from the University of KwaZulu-Natal (Pietermaritzburg campus) (UKZN-PMB) express their state being depressed. Through theoretical frameworks such as cognitive theory depression, narrative and social constructivism theory, this interpretive/phenomenological qualitative anthropological study purposively sampled twenty-five UKZN-PMB to record they This revealed tha...

Stress exposure during early-life development can have long-term consequences for a variety of biological functions including oxidative stress. The link between early-life stress and oxidative balance is beginning to be explored and previous studies have focused on this link in adult non-breeding or immature individuals. However, as oxidative stress is considered as the main physiological mecha...