Introduction: Posterior segment retained Intraocular foreign body (IOFB) management is challenging. Facility of pars plana vitrectomy (PPV) and availability well trained vitreo retina surgeons are the basic need to accomplish this work. Encircling band provide permanent 360° support close anterior retinal break prevent traction on retina. The objective study analyse clinical characteristics pre...

Segments are fundamental units in animal development which are made of distinct cell lineages separated by boundaries. Although boundaries show limited plasticity during their formation for sharpening, cell lineages make compartments that become tightly restricted as development goes on. Here, we characterize a unique case of breaking of the segment boundary in late drosophila embryos. During d...

hedgehog is a segment polarity gene necessary to maintain the proper organization of each segment of the Drosophila embryo. We have identified the physical location of a number of rearrangement breakpoints associated with hedgehog mutations. The corresponding hh RNA is expressed in a series of segmental stripes starting at cellular blastoderm in the posterior portion of each segment. This RNA i...

AIM The authors compared the incidence of radiologically documented and/or symptomatic adjacent segment degeneration in and between patients who underwent anterior or posterior single-level, simple discectomy. MATERIAL AND METHODS 79 patients were clinically and radiologically examined for adjacent segment degeneration (ASD). The results were compared to evaluate which approach was predominan...

Active endocytotic processes are required for the normal distribution of Wingless (Wg) protein across the epidermal cells of each embryonic segment. To assess the functional consequences of this broad Wg distribution, we have devised a means of perturbing endocytosis in spatially restricted domains within the embryo. We have constructed a transgene expressing a dominant negative form of shibire...

Microphthalmos is an ocular abnormality of the eye in which all tissues are significantly smaller than normal. It is subdivided into two categories as simple and complex microphthalmos. The complex type is associated with several ocular abnormalities (1). Posterior microphthalmos is another subtype of microphthalmos which is characterized by normal or near normal anterior segment dimensions, ye...