background: natural organic compounds are known as precursors in the formation of disinfection byproducts. the aim of this study was to evaluate of effect of modified cationic surfactant nano zeolite in the removal of humic acid (ha) from water. materials and methods: nano zeolite (clinoptilolite) was modified by cationic surfactant solution hexadecyltrimethylammonium bromide (hdtma-br), in dos...

background : microbial monitoring of aquatic sources is essential in the correct management of these vital sources. multiple tube fermentation (mtf) technique is currently used for assessment of the microbial quality of water sources. however, today enzymatic assay has been presented as an alternative approach for detecting indicator bacteria. the purpose of this study was to compare enzymatic ...

We report 13 cases of Naegleria fowleri primary amebic meningoencephalitis in persons in Karachi, Pakistan, who had no history of aquatic activities. Infection likely occurred through ablution with tap water. An increase in primary amebic meningoencephalitis cases may be attributed to rising temperatures, reduced levels of chlorine in potable water, or deteriorating water distribution systems.

OBJECTIVES: The key hypothesis of this project was that both chemical and physical factors associated with real plumbing systems may influence copper pitting and brass dezincification corrosion, and thus the project was aimed at better understanding these factors. In addition to a comprehensive review of the literature on brass dezincification in potable water systems, experimental work was und...

Recently, Escherichia species other than Escherichia coli have been isolated from potable water. Environmental isolates as well as clinical isolates of E. adecarboxylata, E. blattae, E. fergusonii, E. hermannii, and E. vulneris were assayed for the enzyme beta-glucuronidase by using EC MUG medium and the Colilert system. None of the isolates were positive for the enzyme by either method.

Seven species of bacterial select agents were tested for susceptibility to monochloramine. Under test conditions, the monochloramine routinely maintained in potable water would reduce six of the species by 2 orders of magnitude within 4.2 h. Bacillus anthracis spores would require up to 3.5 days for the same inactivation with monochloramine.

egionnaires’ disease was first recognized in 1976 during an outbreak among attendees at an American Legion convention. The disease is a form of pneumonia caused by bacteria of the genus Legionella. Legionella thrives at warm temperatures (25–42oC [77–108oF]). It lives inside biofilm in aquatic environments, usually as an intracellular parasite of amoebae.1 This lifestyle protects it from disinf...

T he City of Clearwater (City) owns and operates the reverse osmosis (RO) water treatment plant No. 1 (plant) that was originally constructed in 2003. Similar to many brackish water RO facilities, the City blends pretreated raw water with RO permeate to maximize production while minimizing operational costs. In the case of this plant, the City blends 1 mil gal per day (mgd) of pretreated blend ...