the caspian sea region, because of the proximity of two permanent powers - russia and iran- and the emergence of newly independent republics, is one of the most dynamic places in the world. in addition, the continuity of interests of other global actors, including the united states and europe, with the coastal countries has added to the complexity and dynamics. in this regard, the region energy...

In today's political realities there is a strong tendency for bargaining and negotiation policies. An inclusion of organisations and organised interests has taken place not only in western political decision making processes. In times of political, economic and social transformation in West Africa, conflicts of interests over natural resources, particularly between `farmers' and `herders', are ...

public order, as a principle in the framework of national laws, is a tool for protecting private and public interests in a society. observance of the norms and public order in any jurisdiction is important as far as the the influence of this chariness on contracts in the field of private international laws is undeniable. with the formation of new rights such as intellectual property rights in t...

even though subsequent to the cold war, washington and moscow geostrategic competition came to an end in many parts of the world, a fresh rivalry has been sparked between them in central asia and the caucasus. this rivalry has been developed between regional and transregional powers with the aim of gaining geopolitical advantages, enhancement of security structures, dominance over energy resour...

Conflict is competition by groups or individuals over incompatible goals, scarce resources, or the sources of power needed to acquire them. This competition is also determined by individuals’ perceptions of goals, resources, and power, and such perceptions may differ greatly among individuals. One determinant of perception is culture, the socially inherited, shared and learned ways of living po...

political power is considered as one of the most fundamental public law vocabulary, as far as the separation of political power and public law seems impossible. meanwhile it seems that this concept as the fundamental concept of public law; varies in islamic and liberal thought and there is a serious conflict between them. analysis of this claim requires a proper understanding of the concept of ...