introduction: risk is an essential component in the production and sale of agricultural products. due to the nature of agricultural products, the people who act in this area including farmers and businesspersons encounter unpredictable fluctuations of prices. on the other hand, the firms that process agricultural products also face fluctuation of price of agricultural inputs. given that the can...

The current scenario of the world is that the power demand in the world is increasing at a very fast rate, to get an economical source of power; renewable energy sources are proving out to be a reliable option. Hence solar energy systems are very much important for the system engineers. In order to meet the demand of the world the solar energy is injected into the electric power grid. Along wit...

Conventionally Grid Connected Solar PV plants initially generates DC power and then converted to AC via inverters and connected into AC grid for power transmission. Depending on the size of the plant, required environmental condition and land availability large PV plants are generally located far away from the load centre. Hence reduction of transmission loss and incised transmission capacity e...

Wireless sensor nodes are increasingly being tasked with computation and communication intensive functions while still subject to constraints related to energy availability. On these embedded platforms, once all low power design techniques have been explored, duty-cycling the various subsystems remains the primary option to meet the energy and power constraints. This requires the ability to pro...

This paper investigates the relationship between option trading behavior and pricing patterns. We argue that greater active in options market due to investor overconfidence leads higher volatility larger discrepancies pricing, which may be captured by implied spread skewness. Using two different measures of excess trading, we find activities are correlated ways with volatility, spread, also the...

This paper examines how noise in observed option prices arising from discrete prices and other microstructural frictions affects empirical tests of option pricing models and risk-neutral density estimation. The discrete tick size alone introduces enough noise to make model comparisons difficult, especially for lower-priced stocks. We demonstrate that microstructural noise can lead to incorrect ...

The continuing rapid development of computer hardware over the years has been both a blessing to the user who sees his computing power increase and cost decrease over time, and a disappointment to those who have found that the cost of converting existing software outweighs the advantages of the new machines. For any proposed change of hardware, there are at least three options whose cost the us...

When evaluating and signing players, Major League Baseball teams face incomplete information regarding a player’s true value. This paper explores how teams deal with such uncertainty and whether their approaches toward high-risk free agent signings and low-risk contract option decisions differ. I use seemingly unrelated regression to estimate the relationships between past performance and futur...