There are several reasons to explain why transmission system loading is less than 100%. These reasons include: (i) reliability, (ii) uncertainties associated with the demand growth forecast and (iii) different dispatch scenarios due to Renewable Energy Sources (RES), i.e., hydroelectricity, modern biomass, wind and solar power. The combination of these facts leads to high investments in the tra...

In this paper, impacts of various uncertainties such as random outages of generating units and transmission lines, forecasting errors of load demand and wind power, in the presence of Demand response (DR) programs on power generation scheduling are studied. The problem is modelled in the form of a two-stage stochastic unit commitment (UC) which by solving it, the optimal solutions of UC as well...

In recent years, significant research efforts have been devoted to the optimal planning of power systems. Substation Expansion Planning (SEP) as a sub-system of power system planning consists of finding the most economical solution with the optimal location and size of future substations and/or feeders to meet the future load demand. The large number of design variables and combination of discr...

the new competitive environment changes the paradigm of power system operation. in the transmission area, open access process provides fair accessibility for all market participants. congestion management is one of the most important side effects of this new process. this paper proposes a new approach for congestion management which is based on both active and reactive re-dispatch of the networ...

The accuracy of power transmission line frequency parameters has a pivotal effect in the accuracy, reliability and safety of various power system analyses and applications, so the actual measurements of transmission line are significant. At present, the measurement of parameters of transmission line is actual measurement in the actual location. The traditional methods can be off-line and have a...

To meet with the ever-enhancing load demands, new transmission lines should be bolted-on in the existing power system but the economic and environmental concerns are major constraints to this addition. Hence utilities have to rely on the existent power system infrastructure with some modifications. To enhance controllability and boost power transfer potential of the existing power system the us...

In today's highly complex and interconnected power systems, sometimes made of thousands of buses and hundreds of generators, there is a great need to improve electric power utilization while still maintaining reliability and security. In order to meet the ever-growing power demand, utilities prefer to rely on already existing generation instead of building new transmission lines that are subjec...

Transmission power has a major impact on link and communication reliability and network lifetime in Wireless Sensor Networks. We study power control in a multi-hop Wireless Sensor Network where nodes' communication interfere with each other. Our objective is to determine each node's transmission power level that will reduce the communication interference and keep energy consumption to a minimum...

Are required, but the resultant improved system reliability is often worth the price.advantages of the radial system in figure 2 but also gives greater reliability since the. The radial systems shown in figures 5-2 and 5-3 can be expanded by the. The loop system arrangement is one of several arrangements that can allow one. Typical equipment for this arrangement is low voltage power circuit-bre...

Because current wireless communication requires high reliability in a limited bandwidth environment, this paper proposes the variable modulation scheme based on the codebook. The variable modulation scheme adjusts transmission power using the codebook in accordance with channel state. Also, if the codebook is composed of many bits, the reliability is more improved by the proposed scheme. The si...