Heat transfer in the thermal entrance region of trapezoidal microchannels is investigated for hydrodynamically fully developed, single-phase, laminar flow with no-slip conditions. Three-dimensional numerical simulations were performed using a finite-volume approach for trapezoidal channels with a wide range of aspect ratios. The sidewall angles of 54.7 and 45 are chosen to correspond to etch-re...

This paper investigates the experimental program on the study of heat transfer characteristics in micro-channels. The two test sections used are of 47 and 50 micro-channels in rectangular cross-section of equivalent diameters 387 and 327 μm respectively. Each channel of length 192 mm is fabricated on a 304 stainless steel substrate (230 mm x 160 mm x 1.6 mm) by photo chemical etching process. C...

Friction is a complicated phenomenon involving nonlinear dynamics at different length and time scales. Understanding its microscopic origin requires methods for measuring force on nanometer-scale asperities sliding at velocities reaching centimetres per second. Despite enormous advances in experimental technique, this combination of small length scale and high velocity remain elusive. We presen...

We consider the mixing of similar, cohesionless granular materials in quasi-two-dimensional rotating containers by means of theory and experiment. A mathematical model is presented for the flow in containers of arbitrary shape but which are symmetric with respect to rotation by 180 degrees and half-filled with solids. The flow comprises a thin cascading layer at the flat free surface, and a fix...

The performance of micro-mixers is evaluated in terms of deviations from perfectly mixed state and mixing length (i.e., device length required to achieve perfect mixing). Different variations of T-mixer are reported for improved mixing performance, including geometric constrictions/obstacles embedded in the channel wall, heterogeneously charged walls, grooves on channel base, etc. Most of the r...

Using compressed gases with Prandtl numbers near 0.7, we obtained flow visualizations of turbulent Rayleigh-Bénard convection in a cylindrical sample with an aspect ratio Γ≡D/L≅10 (D is the diameter and L the height) by the shadowgraph method. Focusing on the plumes under the top plate, we found that their length had a log-normal distribution, suggesting a fragmentation process. Fragmentation e...

Abstract Submerged vegetation acts as large-scale roughness element that changes flow structure and promotes subdivision, thereby affecting scalar transport energy transfer in the river. This article explores vertical distributions of both hydrodynamic pressure P D effective mixing length L vegetated free- region through flume experiments. Firstly, formulas have been proposed present study to c...