The soluble form of CD40L (CD40 ligand), a pro-atherogenic mediator, has emerged as a diagnostic and prognostic marker for cardiovascular events. However, as platelets can shed CD40L upon activation, accurate measurement has proved challenging. The present study addresses the controversy regarding the appropriate specimen and preparation for laboratory evaluation of blood sCD40L (soluble CD40L)...

Sample preparation is the critical step of any analytical protocol, and involves steps from simple dilution to partial or total digestion. The present review focuses on wet digestion methods used for solid and liquid sample pre-treatment. The methods include wet decomposition and dissolution of the organic and inorganic samples, in open and closed systems, using thermal and radiant (ultraviolet...

A simple automatic analytical system, consisting of separate modules, for liquid chromatography has been constructed. The different parts of the automatic machine are an auto sampler, an auto dispenser, a selector valve with eight channels, a heater/cooler, a mixing chamber and a pressure air driven injector valve. The process was controlled by a PC from an easily changeable run protocol. The s...

Despite their numerous applications, efficiently rendering participating media remains a challenging task due to the intricacy of the radiative transport equation. As they provide a generic means of solving a wide variety of problems, numerical methods are most often used to solve the air-light integral even under simplifying assumptions. In this paper, we present a novel analytical approach to...

This paper presents a novel phase precoding (pre-equalization) technique to equalize frequencyselective Rayleigh and Rician slowly fading channels for personal communication systems using phase modulation. In order to achieve intersymbol interference (ISI)-free transmission, the precoding technique predistorts the signal transmitted from a base station to a portable unit. The novelty of the tec...

Alumina phase loaded with ammonium pyrrolidine dithiocarbamate (APDC )were synthesized based on chemical binding and physical adsorption approaches. The stability of a chemically modified APDC especially in concentrated hydrochloric acid which was then used as a recycling and pre-concentration reagent for further uses of alumina immobilized APDC phase. The application of this alumina for sorpti...

In this paper, we present the analytical expression of phase-controlled class-D inverter at any duty ratio. By considering the body-diode of MOSFET effects and harmonic components of resonant current, analytical expression of phase-controlled class-D inverter at any phase shift and any duty ratio can be obtained. The validity of the analytical expression was confirmed by PSpice simulation.

a sensitive high performance liquid chromathography (hplc) analytical procedure was developed for the quantitive determination of trimethoprim (tm* and sulphamethoxazole (sm) in commercial dosage forms. c18 analytical column (stainless steel, 25 cm * 4.6 mm i.d.) was packed with 5-*m particles of the reversed phase material and used for assays. mobile phase containing 0.025 m sodium phosphate a...

The study of surface waves in a layered media has their viable application in geophysical prospecting. This paper presents an analytical study on the dispersion of torsional surface wave in a pre-stressed heterogeneous layer sandwiched between a pre-stressed anisotropic porous semi-infinite medium and gravitating anisotropic porous half-space. The non-homogeneity within the intermediate layer a...