We investigate three sources of uncertainty in the calculation of extreme value statistics for observed and modeled climate data. Inter-model differences in formulation, unforced internal variability and choice of statistical model all contribute to uncertainty. Using fits to the GEV distribution to obtain 20 year return values, we quantify these uncertainties for the annual maximum daily mean ...

By definition, poisoning is the injury or destruction of cells via inhalation, ingestion, injection, or absorption of a toxic substance. The prognostic key factors include the nature, dose, formulation and route of exposure of the poison, coexposure to other poisons, state of nutrition of the child, age, and pre-existing health conditions (1). In developing countries, poisoning has been recogni...

SUMMARY This paper presents the application of non-nested and non-structured multigrid methods for two-dimensional elastic linear problems. Some basic aspects related to multigrid methods are discussed including nested iterations, coarse grid correction scheme, transfer operators, and multigrid strategies. A variational formulation for the transfer operators is also considered. The C++ implemen...

We derive the full canonical formulation of the bosonic sector of 11-dimensional supergravity, and explicitly present the constraint algebra. We then compactify M-theory on a warped product of homogeneous spaces of constant curvature, and construct a minisuperspace of scale factors. Classical and quantum behaviour of the minisuperspace system is then analysed, and quantum transition probabiliti...

In this paper, a constrained moving horizon estimation (MHE) strategy for linear systems is proposed. Recently, the use of a pre-estimating linear observer in the forward prediction equations in the MHE cost function has been proposed in order to reduce the effects of uncertainty. Here we introduce state constraints within this formulation, and investigate stability properties in the presence o...

However, we are concerned that the authors have totally ignored the impact that a full clinical assessment would have on correct diagnosis. We feel strongly that radiological techniques are an adjunct, albeit important, to clinical history taking and examination in the formulation of a working diagnosis. In this way, the majority of patients may be correctly diagnosed pre-operatively, which oug...

SUMMARY This paper presents the application of non-nested and non-structured multigrid methods for two-dimensional elastic linear problems. Some basic aspects related to multigrid methods are discussed including nested iterations, coarse grid correction scheme, transfer operators, and multigrid strategies. A variational formulation for the transfer operators is also considered. The C++ implemen...