Introduction: A large number of orthodontists prefer to rebond the failed bonded brackets or use recycled brackets in some instances. The aim of this study was to compare the shear bond strength of rebonding with using recycled brackets on enamel surface. Methods: Bonding of brackets on the surface of extracted first bicuspids was tested in five different groups to compare their shear bond stre...

The aim of this study was to evaluate the frictional force between orthodontic brackets and archwires. The differences in magnitude of the frictional forces generated by ceramic brackets, ceramic brackets with metal reinforced slot, and stainless steel brackets in combination with stainless steel, nickel-titanium, and beta-titanium orthodontic archwires were investigated. Brackets and wire were...

The aim of this study was to assess the effect of bracket type on the labiopalatal forces and moments generated in the sagittal plane. Incognito™ lingual brackets (3M Unitek), STb™ lingual brackets (Light Lingual System; ORMCO), and conventional 0.018 inch slot brackets (Gemini; 3M Unitek) were bonded on three identical maxillary acrylic resin models, with a palatally displaced right lateral in...

Tensile bond strength and failure location were evaluated in vitro for three types of direct bonding cements (unfilled, low filled, and highly filled) with three types of brackets (polycarbonate, stainless steel, and ceramic) using natural teeth and plastic as substrates. An unfilled acrylic cement gave the highest values of bond strength for both the plastic and ceramic brackets, whereas a hig...

We consider two different constructions of higher brackets. First, based on a Grassmann-odd, nilpotent ∆ operator, we define a non-commutative generalization of the higher Koszul brackets, which are used in a generalized Batalin-Vilkovisky algebra, and we show that they form a homotopy Lie algebra. Secondly, we investigate higher, so-called derived brackets built from symmetrized, nested Lie br...

We use the vector wedge product in geometric algebra to show that Poisson commutator brackets measure preservation of phase space areas. We also use the vector dot product to define the Poisson anticommutator bracket that measures the preservation of phase space angles. We apply these brackets to the paraxial meridional complex height-angle ray vectors that transform via a 2×2 matrix, and we sh...

Problem statement: To evaluate the frictional forces generated by five different orthodontic brackets when used in combination with stainless steel and NiTi archwires in dry conditions at physiological temperature. Approach: Five different types of maxillary canine brackets (Damon 3 MX, Step, Quick, Sprint, Mini Mono) with a slot size 0.022 inch were coupled with 0.016” and 0.019”×0.025” stainl...

INTRODUCTION The aim of this study was to compare the rate of en-masse space closure with sliding mechanics between passive self-ligating SmartClip brackets (3M Unitek, Monrovia, Calif) and conventional twin brackets ligated with stainless steel ligatures. METHODS Nineteen patients including 20 arches participated in this prospective trial with 0.018-in slot brackets. All patients had first p...

AIM To compare the clinical failure rates over six months of indirectly bonded brackets with and without methyl methacrylate monomer (MMM) conditioned custom bases. METHODS Thirty-six consecutive patients satisfying the selection criteria were randomly assigned to two groups in a split-mouth study design. In Group 1, the maxillary right and mandibular left quadrants were indirectly bonded aft...