Quantification of precipitation extremes is important for flood planning purposes, and a common measure of extreme events is the r-year return-level. We present a method for producing maps of precipitation return levels and uncertainty measures and apply to a Colorado region. Separate hierarchical models are constructed for the intensity and the frequency of extreme precipitation events. For in...

On a regional scale, climate variability masks any direct link between external forcings and precipitation values. Thus, the problem of attribution of precipitation changes splits into two distinct steps: understanding how forcings influence circulation patterns and finding relationships between these patterns and the behavior of precipitation. Here, we deal with this second step, by analyzing ...

Satellite estimates and weather forecast models have made it possible to observe and predict precipitation over large spatial scales. Despite substantial progress in observing patterns of precipitation, characterization of spatial patterns is still a challenge. Quantitative assessment methods for spatial patterns are essential for future developments in prediction of the spatial extent and patt...

The real-time availability of several satellite-based precipitation products has recently provided hydrologists with an unprecedented opportunity to improve current hydrologic prediction capability for vast river basins, particularly for ungauged regions. However, the accuracy of real-time satellite precipitation data remains uncertain. This study aims to use three widely used real-time satelli...

Understanding how biotic mechanisms confer stability in variable environments is a fundamental quest in ecology, and one that is becoming increasingly urgent with global change. Several mechanisms, notably a portfolio effect associated with species richness, compensatory dynamics generated by negative species covariance and selection for stable dominant species populations can increase the stab...

The Yarlung Zangbo River basin is an important alley to transport moisture from the Indian Ocean to the inner Tibetan Plateau. With a wide range of elevations from 147 m to over 7000 m above sea level (a.s.l.), ecosystems respond differently to climate change at various elevations. However, the pattern of elevation-dependent vegetation change and how it responds to recent warming have been rare...

ID No : 43 ABSTRACT Concrete tends to crack due to its relatively low tensile strength which jeopardizes the good condition of steel reinforcement bars. Concrete cracks start at micro level and facilitate ingression of corrosive substances such as SO4 , Cl, O2. Corrosion of the rebar may result in failure of the structure. Self-healing concrete can provide crack repair immediately after crack i...

parameters as interception, infiltration, water storage on surface holes and soil profile, evapotranspiration are factors of loss water in a watershed and avoid from changing of precipitation to runoff. in this study, by use of hec-hms model and comparison of results of different methods of precipitation loss evaluation (initial and constant, green & ampt, scs curve number, deficit & constant a...