A mathematical model for the growth of a population of fish in the larval stage is proposed. The emphasis is put on the first part of the larval stage, when the larvae are still passive. It is assumed that during this stage, the larvae move with the phytoplankton on which they feed and share their food equally, leading to ratio-dependence. The other stages of the life cycle are modeled using si...

Predation impacts development, behavior and morphology of prey species thereby shaping their abundances, distribution and community structure. Non-lethal threat of predation, specifically, can have a strong influence on prey lifehistory characteristics. While investigations often focus on the impact of predation threat on prey in isolation, tests of its interactive effects with food availabilit...

The effects of ontogenetic niche shifts on community structure and dynamics are underexplored, despite the occurrence of such shifts in the majority of animal species. We studied the form of niche shifts in a predator that exhibits multiple ontogenetic niche shifts, and analyzed how this life history complexity affects the size-structured predator–prey dynamics in the system. The predator repre...

in this paper, we introduce fractional order of a planar fractional prey-predator system with a nonmonotonic functional response and anti-predator behaviour such that the adult preys can attack vulnerable predators. we analyze the existence and stability of all possibleequilibria. numerical simulations reveal that anti-predator behaviour notonly makes the coexistence of the prey and predator po...

Abstract Background The predatory mites, Neoseiulus californicus (McGregor), N. barkeri (Hughes), and Amblyseius swirskii Athias-Henriot, are important predators attacking many insect mite pests. They can coexist in the same habitat engage intraguild predation (IGP). Main body IGP was assessed among exotic one native species A. as Intraguild predator (IG-predator)/intraguild prey (IG-prey) eith...

this study was conducted to examine morphometric and meristic characteristics alongside pigmentation patterns of bream larvae, abramis brama orientalis, in four stages of larval development. morphological characters including total length (tl), standard length (sl), notochord length (nl), head length (hl), head depth (hd), eye diameter (ed) and mouth width (mw) were examined from hatching time ...

The life cycle of most benthic marine invertebrates has two distinct stages: the pelagic larval stage and the sessile juvenile stage. The transition between the larval stage and the juvenile stage is often abrupt and may be triggered by post-translational modification of proteins. Glycosylation, a very important post-translational modification, influences the biological activity of proteins. We...