In a previous study (Yin et al. 2000. Annals of Botany 85: 579-585), a generic logarithmic equation for leaf area index (L) in relation to canopy nitrogen content (N) was developed: L=(1/ktn)1n(1+ktnN/nb). The equation has two parameters: the minimum leaf nitrogen required to support photosynthesis (nb), and the leaf nitrogen extinction coefficient (ktn). Relative to nb, there is less informati...

BACKGROUND There are no studies in the literature to validate equations that predict maximum heart rate (HRmax) in children and adolescents. OBJECTIVE To analyze the validity of the HRmax predictive equations "220 - age" and "208 - (0.7 x age)" in boys aged 10 and 16. METHODS A progressive maximal exertion test was carried out in 69 apparently healthy boys aged 10 to 16. The initial test ve...

One of the most intriguing motivations for studying relativistic nucleus-nucleus collisions is the unique opportunity to explore compressed and excited nuclear matter in the laboratory. A signature of compression is the collective sidewards flow predicted theoretically by nuclear fluid dynamics' and classical microscopic many-body s i m u ~ a t i o n s . ~ Recently, the predicted collective sid...

Steady state, hydrodynamic voltammetry is a well-established technique to measure the rate of mass transport of an electroactive species to, or from, a solid surface electrode in an aqueous electrolyte. Limiting current measurements during the reduction of ferricyanide (hexacyanoferrate) ion at a nickel rotating disc electrode (RDE) are critically considered, and the accuracy of the technique i...

Relativistic shocks accelerate particles by the first order Fermi mechanism. These particles then emit synchrotron emission in the post shock gas. We have developed a numerical code which integrates the relativistic Euler equations for fluid dynamics with a general equation of state, together with the Liouville equation for the accelerated particles. We present tests of this code and, in additi...

We investigate the response to an external magnetic field in the Hamiltonian mean-field model, which is a paradigmatic toy model of a ferromagnetic body and consists of plane rotators like XY spins. Due to long-range interactions, the external field drives the system to a long-lasting quasistationary state before reaching thermal equilibrium, and the susceptibility tensor obtained in the quasis...

The proposed technique is capable of estimating lung tumor growth and its effectiveness by applying patient specific model on tumor growth model. That is desirable to predict the lung tumor growth rate so that appropriate treatment can be planned in early stage. The work presents the methodology that consists of three steps: advection, Proliferation, Treatment. The partial differential equation...

The SAFT equation of state was used to model asphaltene phase behavior in a model live oil and a recombined oil under reservoir conditions. The equation of state parameters for the asphaltenes were fit to precipitation data from oil titrations with n-alkanes at ambient conditions. The SAFT model was then used to predict the asphaltene stability boundaries in the live oils. A lumping scheme that...

OBJECTIVE To compare equations for predicting peak quadriceps femoris (QF) muscle force; to determine the agreement among the equations in identifying QF muscle weakness in COPD patients; and to assess the differences in characteristics among the groups of patients classified as having or not having QF muscle weakness by each equation. METHODS Fifty-six COPD patients underwent assessment of p...

We investigate the response to an external magnetic field in the Hamiltonian mean-field model, which is a paradigmatic toy model of a ferromagnetic body and consists of plane rotators like XY spins. Due to long-range interactions, the external field drives the system to a long-lasting quasistationary state before reaching thermal equilibrium, and the susceptibility tensor obtained in the quasis...